Unit9_杭电unit9英语-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/PrIn3e/article/details/78485947

第九单元

1.openssh-server 功能：让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开始一个安全shell

2.客户端连接主机

ssh root@172.25.254.106 ##用ssh的方式，以超级用户的身份登陆172.25.254.106这台主机

[root@desktop0 ~]# ssh root@172.25.254.106
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.106 (172.25.254.106)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes                         ##连接陌生主机时需要建立认证关系
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.106' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.25.254.106's password:                                                                     ##远程用户密码
[root@server0 ~]#                                                                                                    ##登陆成功

3.sshkey加密

1.生成公钥私钥
[root@server0 ~]# ssh-keygen        ##生成公钥私钥工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):[enter]    ##加密字符保存文件（建议用默认）
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):        [enter]       ##密钥密码，必须>4个字符
Enter same passphrase again:                [enter]       ##确认密码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ab:3c:73:2e:c8:0b:75:c8:39:3a:46:a2:22:34:84:81 root@server0.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|o                |
|E.               |
|..               |
|. . o           |
|.o. * . S        |
|oo.o o   .       |
|+ =. . .        |
|o. oo.+..        |
|    ..o*.        |
+-----------------+

[root@server0 ~]# ls /root/.ssh/      ##当执行完过程之后，会在/root/.ssh目录下，生成两个文件，有id_rsa ，id_rsa.pub
id_rsa         id_rsa.pub
id_rsa       ##私钥，就是钥匙
id_rsa.pub   ##公钥，就是锁

2.添加key认证方式
[root@server0 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.25.254.206
ssh-copy-id          ##添加key认证方式的工具
-i                                 ##指定加密key文件
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub            ##加密key
root                                          ##加密用户为root
172.25.254.206                  ##被加密主机ip

3.分发钥匙给client主机
[root@server0 ~]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@172.25.254.106:/root/.ssh/

将服务端的/root/.ssh/目录下的id_rsa 文件用scp的方式发送给客户端，然后在客户端/root/.ssh/目录下可以找到这个文件

这个文件的作用就是下次再登陆服务端的时候不用输入密码，因为本地已经有私钥文件

4.测试
[root@desktop0 ~]# ssh root@172.25.254.206 ##通过id_rsa直接连接不需要输入用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct 3 03:58:10 2016 from 172.25.254.206
[root@server ~]#

4.提升openssh的安全级别

1.openssh-server配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no ##是否开启用户密码认证，yes为支持no为关闭

48 PermitRootLogin yes|no           ##是否允许超级用户登陆
49 AllowUsers student westos           ##用户白名单，只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell
50 DenyUsers westos               ##用户黑名单

2.控制ssh客户端访问
vim /etc/hosts.deny
sshd:ALL       ##拒绝所有人链接sshd服务

vim /etc/hosts.allow
sshd:172.25.254.206    ##允许250主机链接sshd

sshd:172.25.254.206， 172.25.254.180   ##允许250和180链接

sshd:ALL EXCEPT 172.25.254.200      ##只不允许200链接sshd