CSDN Summer of Code 2014 Report #2: Setup C/GTK+ development environment with Emacs

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Setup C/GTK+ development environment with Emacs

Warning: be careful with my broken English, I got only about 450 in CET 6.

1 Introduction
2 General configuration
3 C/GTK+ configuration

1 Introduction

I'm a beginner at programming in C/GTK+ so I want to my development tools to give me more help like:

auto complete function name / type name
function parameter hint
quick look API document
jump to definition and back
compile && run && edit or debug cycle
and of course some basic editor feature e.g. syntax highlight, code style, search / replace

As you can see I actually should use an IDE for GTK+, but I do not find one even meets a half of my requirements. I have tried both Anjuta and geany, the former is a heavyweight IDE for development using GNOME techniques. It has a very handy tools to create classes but many features which I list above are missing or do not work out of box. The latter is a lightweight IDE, I think it maybe suitable for develop small project.

I do not know if that is possible GTK+/GNOME has an IDE like kdevelop and QT Create of QT/KDE?

For now, I have to use GNU Emacs to get start to develop my C/GTK+ project although I am not a Emacs master or even loyal fan.

2 General configuration

I fork emacs24-start-kit and customize to suit my need. It is a good starter for me because of literate way to embed code in document. I install many color themes and change everyday since I can not decide which one is my favorite.

I also taste many packages and find some of them are quiet useful:

projectile, can manager project base on git repository and provide some handy functions like search within project via many external tools like ag or ack
git-gutter, show current changes in frame's left in real time, so I do not need to use git diff to check what I have done

I am also using Helm, org-mode and maybe many not built-in package, they looks awesome but I do not know much about them.

3 C/GTK+ configuration

Emacs itself has many features with program mode, for example, code style, it has many rules not only indent as 4 space, setting up a suitable code style is necessary for editing and format code.

3.1 on-the fly Syntax check

I use clang as the syntax check back-end. To make it works, I add GTK+ include path to Flycheck Clang Include Path via "M-x customize".

3.2 Code complete

Auto-Complete (in short AC) is my choice for this task. AC is an intelligent auto-completion extension for Emacs¹. It needs Source to complete the task, there are some built-in ones like words-in-buffer, dictionaries and TAGS etc.

auto-complete-clang is The AC sources for Clang. It is the most valuable source.

Here is my configurations according to related user manuals:

(require 'auto-complete-config)
(ac-config-default)

(require 'auto-complete-clang)

(setq ac-quick-help-delay 0.5)
(defun my-ac-config ()
  (setq-default ac-sources '(ac-source-abbrev ac-source-dictionary ac-source-words-in-same-mode-buffers))
  (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'ac-emacs-lisp-mode-setup)
  (add-hook 'auto-complete-mode-hook 'ac-common-setup)
  (global-auto-complete-mode t))

(defun my-ac-cc-mode-setup ()
  (setq ac-sources (append '(ac-source-clang ac-source-yasnippet) ac-sources)))

(add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook 'my-ac-cc-mode-setup)

(my-ac-config)

(setq ac-clang-flags
      (mapcar (lambda (item)(concat "-I" item))
              (split-string
               "
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.3/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/include
 /usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/
 /usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include
/usr/include/glib-2.0
")))

3.3 Code browse

C-s*/*C-r and occur are quit easy and intimate way to move around within a source file. Helm has a search base directory named helm-do-grep which shows result when you are typing.

I use GNU global and its emacs front ggtags instead of cscope, no special reason for it, just since I'd like to try new things.

3.4 lookup GTK+ API

I always need to read the API document when I read / write code. After some search, I do find two solutions: gtklookup and devhelp-index, but both are not work for me.

So I write a small function to meet my needs partly:

(defun devhelp()
  "Search current symbol in devhelp"
  (interactive)
  (shell-command (format "devhelp -s %s" (thing-at-point 'symbol))))
(global-set-key [f1] 'devhelp)

At least I do not need copy-paste text between Emacs and devhelp. it is better if the API document (in html) can be shown within Emacs.