http://blog.csdn.net/flashflight/article/details/44529805
服务注册
对于服务提供方,它需要发布服务,而且由于应用系统的复杂性,服务的数量、类型也不断膨胀;对于服务消费方,它最关心如何获取到它所需要的服务,而面对复杂的应用系统,需要管理大量的服务调用。而且,对于服务提供方和服务消费方来说,他们还有可能兼具这两种角色,即既需要提供服务,有需要消费服务。
通过将服务统一管理起来,可以有效地优化内部应用对服务发布/使用的流程和管理。服务注册中心可以通过特定协议来完成服务对外的统一。Dubbo提供的注册中心有如下几种类型可供选择:
- Multicast注册中心
- Zookeeper注册中心
- Redis注册中心
- Simple注册中心
服务首先暴露在服务端,然后调用Registry的register方法在注册中心(它是一个服务协调中心,dubbo以外的独立服务端,dubbo提供了客户端实现)注册服务,然后用户通过配置文件中配置的service的url去subscribe(订阅服务),Registry接收到订阅消息后会往url对应的的List<NotifyListener>中塞入当前NotifyListener,反之从这个list中移除listener就是取消订阅。registry会调用据consumer的订阅情况调用notify方法推送服务列表给Consumer。这里我们以Zookeeper注册中心来说明:
ZookeeperRegistry.java的构造函数,创建Zookeeper客户端:
- public ZookeeperRegistry(URL url, ZookeeperTransporter zookeeperTransporter) {
- super(url);
- //如果provider的url是“0.0.0.0”或者在参数中带anyHost=true则抛出异常注册地址不存在
- if (url.isAnyHost()) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("registry address == null");
- }
- //服务分组(默认“dubbo”)
- String group = url.getParameter(Constants.GROUP_KEY, DEFAULT_ROOT);
- //在group头补齐“/”
- if (! group.startsWith(Constants.PATH_SEPARATOR)) {
- group = Constants.PATH_SEPARATOR + group;
- }
- //服务分组根地址
- this.root = group;
- //创建Zookeeper客户端
- zkClient = zookeeperTransporter.connect(url);
- //添加状态监听器
- zkClient.addStateListener(new StateListener() {
- public void stateChanged(int state) {
- if (state == RECONNECTED) {
- try {
- recover();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- }
- }
- });
- }
ZookeeperRegistry的doRegister方法:
- protected void doRegister(URL url) {
- try {
- //连接注册中心注册
- zkClient.create(toUrlPath(url), url.getParameter(Constants.DYNAMIC_KEY, true));
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- throw new RpcException("Failed to register " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- }
Provider初始化时会调用doRegister方法向注册中心发起注册。那么客户端又是怎么subscribe在注册中心订阅服务的呢?答案是服务消费者在初始化ConsumerConfig时会调用RegistryProtocol的refer方法进一步调用RegistryDirectory的subscribe方法最终调用ZookeeperRegistry的subscribe方法向注册中心订阅服务。
com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.support.FailBackRegistry的subscribe方法:
- @Override
- public void subscribe(URL url, NotifyListener listener) {
- super.subscribe(url, listener);
- removeFailedSubscribed(url, listener);
- try {
- // 向服务器端发送订阅请求
- doSubscribe(url, listener);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Throwable t = e;
- List<URL> urls = getCacheUrls(url);
- if (urls != null && urls.size() > 0) {
- notify(url, listener, urls);
- logger.error("Failed to subscribe " + url + ", Using cached list: " + urls + " from cache file: " + getUrl().getParameter(Constants.FILE_KEY, System.getProperty("user.home") + "/dubbo-registry-" + url.getHost() + ".cache") + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
- } else {
- // 如果开启了启动时检测,则直接抛出异常
- boolean check = getUrl().getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true)
- && url.getParameter(Constants.CHECK_KEY, true);
- boolean skipFailback = t instanceof SkipFailbackWrapperException;
- if (check || skipFailback) {
- if(skipFailback) {
- t = t.getCause();
- }
- throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to subscribe " + url + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
- } else {
- logger.error("Failed to subscribe " + url + ", waiting for retry, cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
- }
- }
- // 将失败的订阅请求记录到失败列表,定时重试
- addFailedSubscribed(url, listener);
- }
- }
com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.zookeeper.Zookeeper的doSubscribe方法:
- protected void doSubscribe(final URL url, final NotifyListener listener) {
- try {
- //如果provider的service的接口配置的是“*”
- if (Constants.ANY_VALUE.equals(url.getServiceInterface())) {
- //获取服务分组根路径
- String root = toRootPath();
- //获取服务的NotifyListener
- ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
- if (listeners == null) {
- //如果没有则创建一个
- zkListeners.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>());
- listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
- }
- ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
- //如果没有子监听器则创建一个
- if (zkListener == null) {
- listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, new ChildListener() {
- public void childChanged(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
- for (String child : currentChilds) {
- child = URL.decode(child);
- if (! anyServices.contains(child)) {
- anyServices.add(child);
- subscribe(url.setPath(child).addParameters(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, child,
- Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)), listener);
- }
- }
- }
- });
- zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
- }
- //向服务器订阅服务,注册中心会调用NotifyListener的notify函数返回服务列表
- zkClient.create(root, false);
- //获取服务地址列表
- List<String> services = zkClient.addChildListener(root, zkListener);
- if (services != null && services.size() > 0) {
- //如果存在服务
- for (String service : services) {
- service = URL.decode(service);
- anyServices.add(service);
- //如果serviceInterface是“*”则从分组根路径遍历service并订阅所有服务
- subscribe(url.setPath(service).addParameters(Constants.INTERFACE_KEY, service,
- Constants.CHECK_KEY, String.valueOf(false)), listener);
- }
- }
- } else {
- //如果serviceInterface不是“*”则创建Zookeeper客户端索取服务列表,并通知(notify)消费者(consumer)这些服务可以用了
- List<URL> urls = new ArrayList<URL>();
- //获取类似于http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/context/com.service.xxxService/consumer的地址
- for (String path : toCategoriesPath(url)) {
- //获取例如com.service.xxxService对应的NotifyListener map
- ConcurrentMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener> listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
- if (listeners == null) {
- zkListeners.putIfAbsent(url, new ConcurrentHashMap<NotifyListener, ChildListener>());
- listeners = zkListeners.get(url);
- }
- //获取ChildListener
- ChildListener zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
- if (zkListener == null) {
- listeners.putIfAbsent(listener, new ChildListener() {
- public void childChanged(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
- ZookeeperRegistry.this.notify(url, listener, toUrlsWithEmpty(url, parentPath, currentChilds));
- }
- });
- zkListener = listeners.get(listener);
- }
- //创建Zookeeper客户端
- zkClient.create(path, false);
- List<String> children = zkClient.addChildListener(path, zkListener);
- if (children != null) {
- urls.addAll(toUrlsWithEmpty(url, path, children));
- }
- }
- //提醒消费者
- notify(url, listener, urls);
- }
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- throw new RpcException("Failed to subscribe " + url + " to zookeeper " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- }
至此,Dubbo的源码解析结束,以后还会对一些细节进行补充。特别在此建议看官使用apache的开源项目Zookeeper作注册中心,来完成分布式服务的协调调用。