Image Perimeters
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 10000K | |
Total Submissions: 7906 | Accepted: 4719 |
Description
Technicians in a pathology lab analyze digitized images of slides. Objects on a slide are selected for analysis by a mouse click on the object. The perimeter of the boundary of an object is one useful measure. Your task is to determine this perimeter for selected objects.
The digitized slides will be represented by a rectangular grid of periods, '.', indicating empty space, and the capital letter 'X', indicating part of an object. Simple examples are
An X in a grid square indicates that the entire grid square, including its boundaries, lies in some object. The X in the center of the grid below is adjacent to the X in any of the 8 positions around it. The grid squares for any two adjacent X's overlap on an edge or corner, so they are connected.
An object consists of the grid squares of all X's that can be linked to one another through a sequence of adjacent X's. In Grid 1, the whole grid is filled by one object. In Grid 2 there are two objects. One object contains only the lower left grid square. The remaining X's belong to the other object.
The technician will always click on an X, selecting the object containing that X. The coordinates of the click are recorded. Rows and columns are numbered starting from 1 in the upper left hand corner. The technician could select the object in Grid 1 by clicking on row 2 and column 2. The larger object in Grid 2 could be selected by clicking on row 2, column 3. The click could not be on row 4, column 3.
One useful statistic is the perimeter of the object. Assume each X corresponds to a square one unit on each side. Hence the object in Grid 1 has perimeter 8 (2 on each of four sides). The perimeter for the larger object in Grid 2 is illustrated in the figure at the left. The length is 18.
Objects will not contain any totally enclosed holes, so the leftmost grid patterns shown below could NOT appear. The variations on the right could appear:
The digitized slides will be represented by a rectangular grid of periods, '.', indicating empty space, and the capital letter 'X', indicating part of an object. Simple examples are
XX Grid 1 .XXX Grid 2
XX .XXX
.XXX
...X
..X.
X...
An X in a grid square indicates that the entire grid square, including its boundaries, lies in some object. The X in the center of the grid below is adjacent to the X in any of the 8 positions around it. The grid squares for any two adjacent X's overlap on an edge or corner, so they are connected.
XXX
XXX Central X and adjacent X's
XXX
An object consists of the grid squares of all X's that can be linked to one another through a sequence of adjacent X's. In Grid 1, the whole grid is filled by one object. In Grid 2 there are two objects. One object contains only the lower left grid square. The remaining X's belong to the other object.
The technician will always click on an X, selecting the object containing that X. The coordinates of the click are recorded. Rows and columns are numbered starting from 1 in the upper left hand corner. The technician could select the object in Grid 1 by clicking on row 2 and column 2. The larger object in Grid 2 could be selected by clicking on row 2, column 3. The click could not be on row 4, column 3.
One useful statistic is the perimeter of the object. Assume each X corresponds to a square one unit on each side. Hence the object in Grid 1 has perimeter 8 (2 on each of four sides). The perimeter for the larger object in Grid 2 is illustrated in the figure at the left. The length is 18.
Objects will not contain any totally enclosed holes, so the leftmost grid patterns shown below could NOT appear. The variations on the right could appear:
Impossible Possible
XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX
X..X XXXX X... X...
XX.X XXXX XX.X XX.X
XXXX XXXX XXXX XX.X
..... ..... ..... .....
..X.. ..X.. ..X.. ..X..
.X.X. .XXX. .X... .....
..X.. ..X.. ..X.. ..X..
..... ..... ..... .....
Input
The input will contain one or more grids. Each grid is preceded by a line containing the number of rows and columns in the grid and the row and column of the mouse click. All numbers are in the range 1-20. The rows of the grid follow, starting on the next line, consisting of '.' and 'X' characters.
The end of the input is indicated by a line containing four zeros. The numbers on any one line are separated by blanks. The grid rows contain no blanks.
The end of the input is indicated by a line containing four zeros. The numbers on any one line are separated by blanks. The grid rows contain no blanks.
Output
For each grid in the input, the output contains a single line with the perimeter of the specified object.
Sample Input
2 2 2 2
XX
XX
6 4 2 3
.XXX
.XXX
.XXX
...X
..X.
X...
5 6 1 3
.XXXX.
X....X
..XX.X
.X...X
..XXX.
7 7 2 6
XXXXXXX
XX...XX
X..X..X
X..X...
X..X..X
X.....X
XXXXXXX
7 7 4 4
XXXXXXX
XX...XX
X..X..X
X..X...
X..X..X
X.....X
XXXXXXX
0 0 0 0
Sample Output
8
18
40
48
8
Source
Mid-Central USA 2001
题目链接 :http://poj.org/problem?id=1111
题目大意 :输入一个n*m的矩阵,从一个给定点搜与其在八个方向上能连在一起的X,求这块图形的周长
题目分析 :在矩阵外套一层'.'每次搜到一个'X'就在其上下左右记下'.'的个数
题目链接 :http://poj.org/problem?id=1111
题目大意 :输入一个n*m的矩阵,从一个给定点搜与其在八个方向上能连在一起的X,求这块图形的周长
题目分析 :在矩阵外套一层'.'每次搜到一个'X'就在其上下左右记下'.'的个数
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
int const MAX = 21;
char map[MAX][MAX];
bool vis[MAX][MAX];
int n, m, x, y;
int dirx[8] = {1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1};
int diry[8] = {0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1};
int ans;
int DFS(int x, int y)
{
vis[x][y] = true;
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
if(map[x + dirx[i]][y + diry[i]] == '.')
ans++;
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
int xx = x + dirx[i];
int yy = y + diry[i];
if(xx <= n && xx >= 1 && yy <= m && yy >= 1 && !vis[xx][yy] && map[xx][yy] == 'X')
DFS(xx, yy);
}
return ans;
}
int main()
{
while(scanf("%d %d %d %d", &n, &m, &x, &y) != EOF && n + m)
{
ans = 0;
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
scanf("%s", map[i] + 1);
for(int i = 0; i <= n + 1; i++)
map[i][0] = map[i][m + 1] = '.';
for(int i = 0; i <= n + 1; i++)
map[0][i] = map[n + 1][i] = '.';
DFS(x, y);
printf("%d\n", ans);
}
}