刚刚学习Kotlin,有什么不对的地方请见谅。
首先属性的声明中有两个很重要的关键字: var 和 val。
例如:
var a = "hello"
val b = "hello"
区别是什么呢? var可多次分配; val只能一次初始化。
点击事件:
xml中View定义:
<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="button 1"/>
有几种实现方法,我就偷会儿懒,只写最简单的一种:
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
button1.setOnClickListener { showToast("点击了按钮") }
}
fun showToast(message: String) {
Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
哈哈.... 代码中为什么省略了 findViewById() 呢 , 记得一定要在你的model下的build中加入,有的就不用加了, 没有的就要手动加入
apply plugin:'kotlin-android-extensions' , 到时你在代码中输入上面的 button1 时 , 就会自动带入这个包 import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_second.*
页面跳转并携带数据,引用另一类中的属性:
val intent = Intent(this, SecondActivity::class.java)
intent.putExtra(SecondActivity::action.get(SecondActivity()), "传递正确")
startActivity(intent)
SecondActivity:
class SecondActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
// val action = "com.secondActivity.intent" 也可以
val action: String = "com.secondActivity.intent"
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second)
// 此处textView同上面button1一样的
textView.text = intent.getStringExtra(action)
}
for循环:
例子:
val str = "Hello Kotlin !"
var array = arrayOf("3","d","x","gfd","w"," ","k","5","1","","h","4")
for (i in array) print(i) // 数组遍历 结果:3dxgfdw k51h4
println()
for (i in array.reversed()) print(i) // 倒序 结果:4h15k wgfdxd3
println()
for (i in 0..array.size-1) print(i) // .. 范围 结果:01234567891011
println()
for (i in 2..2) print(i) // 结果:2
println()
for (i in array.size downTo 3) print(i) // 结果:1211109876543
println()
for (i in array.size - 1 downTo 0 step 5) print(array[i]) // 结果:4kd
println()
for (i in str) print(i) // 字符串遍历 结果:Hello Kotlin !
println()
for (i in 0..str.lastIndex) print(i) // 结果:012345678910111213
println()
for (i in 0..str.length-1) print(i) // 结果:012345678910111213
println()
RecyclerView :
activity:
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initRecyclerView()
}
fun initRecyclerView() {
recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false)
recyclerView.adapter = MainAdapter(this, array)
}
adapter:
适配器的结构如下,它自创建一些必须的方法:
注:构造方法直接就放在类名后面了。
class MainAdapter(var context: Context, var data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(p0: MyViewHolder?, p1: Int) {
TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(p0: ViewGroup?, p1: Int): MyViewHolder {
TODO("not implemented") //To change body of created functions use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View?) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView)
}
有些元素被标注为nullable。这是因为如果库没有适当的@Nullable和@NonNull标注,Kotlin就没有方法知道null是否允许,这就要让我们来决定了。
如果我们通过默认方式自创建方法了,它就会认为其值是nullable。
但是,进一步研究支持库,我们就知道哪些值是为null,所以我们能够删除它。
class MainAdapter(var context: Context, var data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
return data.size
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MyViewHolder, position: Int) {
holder.title.text = "标题:"
holder.content.text = data[position]
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup?, viewType: Int): MyViewHolder {
return MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.listitem_main, parent, false))
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
var title: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_title) as TextView
var content: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_content) as TextView
}
}
之前说到kotlin可以不用findViewById() , 因此这里也可以这样写:
class MainAdapter(var context: Context, var data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
return data.size
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MyViewHolder, position: Int) {
holder.itemView.tv_title.text = "标题:"
holder.itemView.tv_content.text = data[position]
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup?, viewType: Int): MyViewHolder {
return MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.listitem_main, parent, false))
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View?) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView)
}
是不是感觉代码量缩短了很多。你再想想,item中有很多view,是不是就要繁琐的findViewById()。而这里就可以不用,就可以不用去做那些无聊的事情。
结果:
回调 :
首先定义一个接口:
interface OnItemClickListener {
fun onclick(v: View, position: Int)
}
然后:
adapter:
class MainAdapter(val context: Context, val data: Array<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MainAdapter.MyViewHolder>() {
private var onItemClickListener: OnItemClickListener? = null
fun setOnItemClickListener(onItemClickListener: OnItemClickListener) {
this.onItemClickListener = onItemClickListener
}
override fun getItemCount(): Int {
return data.size
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: MyViewHolder, position: Int) {
holder.itemView.tv_title.text = "标题:"
holder.itemView.tv_content.text = data[position]
if (onItemClickListener != null) {
holder.itemView.tv_title.setOnClickListener { onItemClickListener?.onclick(holder.itemView.tv_title, position) }
}
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup?, viewType: Int): MyViewHolder {
return MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.listitem_main, parent, false))
}
class MyViewHolder(itemView: View?) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView)
}
activity:
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
initRecyclerView()
}
fun initRecyclerView() {
recyclerView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false)
val mainAdapter = MainAdapter(this, array)
recyclerView.adapter = mainAdapter
mainAdapter.setOnItemClickListener(object : OnItemClickListener {
override fun onclick(v: View, position: Int) {
Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, position.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
})
}
总结:看起来和用java开发是一样的,重点是要学习kotlin的语法、关键字、符号等这些基本的东西还是要好好的去研究一下。