Oracle语法:
INTERVAL 'integer [- integer]' {YEAR | MONTH} [(precision)][TO {YEAR | MONTH}] 该数据类型常用来表示一段时间差, 注意时间差只精确到年和月. precision为年或月的精确域, 有效范围是0到9, 默认值为2. eg: INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH 表示: 123年2个月, "YEAR(3)" 表示年的精度为3, 可见"123"刚好为3为有效数值, 如果该处YEAR(n), n<3就会出错, 注意默认是2. INTERVAL '123' YEAR(3) 表示: 123年0个月 INTERVAL '300' MONTH(3) 表示: 300个月, 注意该处MONTH的精度是3啊. INTERVAL '4' YEAR 表示: 4年, 同 INTERVAL '4-0' YEAR TO MONTH 是一样的 INTERVAL '50' MONTH 表示: 50个月, 同 INTERVAL '4-2' YEAR TO MONTH 是一样 INTERVAL '123' YEAR 表示: 该处表示有错误, 123精度是3了, 但系统默认是2, 所以该处应该写成 INTERVAL '123' YEAR(3) 或"3"改成大于3小于等于9的数值都可以的 INTERVAL '5-3' YEAR TO MONTH + INTERVAL '20' MONTH = INTERVAL '6-11' YEAR TO MONTH 表示: 5年3个月 + 20个月 = 6年11个月 与该类型相关的函数: NUMTODSINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit') 将n转换成interval_unit所指定的值, interval_unit可以为: DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND 注意该函数不可以转换成YEAR和MONTH的. NUMTOYMINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit') interval_unit可以为: YEAR, MONTH eg: (Oracle Version 9204, RedHat Linux 9.0) SQL> select numtodsinterval(100,'DAY') from dual; NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'DAY') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +000000100 00:00:00.000000000 SQL> c/DAY/SECOND 1* select numtodsinterval(100,'SECOND') from dual SQL> / NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'SECOND') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +000000000 00:01:40.000000000 SQL> c/SECOND/MINUTE 1* select numtodsinterval(100,'MINUTE') from dual SQL> / NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'MINUTE') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +000000000 01:40:00.000000000 SQL> c/MINUTE/HOUR 1* select numtodsinterval(100,'HOUR') from dual SQL> / NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'HOUR') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +000000004 04:00:00.000000000 SQL> c/HOUR/YEAR 1* select numtodsinterval(100,'YEAR') from dual SQL> / select numtodsinterval(100,'YEAR') from dual * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01760: illegal argument for function SQL> select numtoyminterval(100,'year') from dual; NUMTOYMINTERVAL(100,'YEAR') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +000000100-00 SQL> c/year/month 1* select numtoyminterval(100,'month') from dual SQL> / NUMTOYMINTERVAL(100,'MONTH') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- +000000008-04 时间的计算: SQL> select to_date('1999-12-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual; TO_DATE('1999-12-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD') --------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 -- 可以相减的结果为天. SQL> c/1999-12-12/1999-01-12 1* select to_date('1999-01-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual SQL> / TO_DATE('1999-01-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD') --------------------------------------------------------------------- -323 -- 也可以为负数的 SQL> c/1999-01-12/2999-10-12 1* select to_date('2999-10-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual SQL> / TO_DATE('2999-10-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD') --------------------------------------------------------------------- 365193 下面看看INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH怎么用. SQL> create table bb(a date, b date, c interval year(9) to month); Table created. SQL> desc bb; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- A DATE B DATE C INTERVAL YEAR(9) TO MONTH SQL> insert into bb values(to_date('1985-12-12', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), to_date('1984-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd'), null) 1 row created. SQL> select * from bb; A B --------- --------- C --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84 SQL> update bb set c = numtoyminterval(a-b, 'year'); 1 row updated. SQL> select * from bb; A B --------- --------- C --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84 +000000376-00 -- 直接将相减的天变成年了, 因为我指定变成年的 SQL> select a-b, c from bb; A-B ---------- C --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 376 +000000376-00 SQL> insert into bb values(null,null,numtoyminterval(376,'month')); 1 row created. SQL> select * from bb; A B C --------- --------- -------------------------------------------- 12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84 +000000376-00 +000000031-04 SQL> insert into bb values ( null,null, numtoyminterval(999999999,'year')); 1 row created. SQL> select * from bb; A B C --------- --------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84 +000000376-00 +000000031-04 +999999999-00 |