Effective c++ 条款28: 划分全局名字空间

命名空间就是为了避免在不同的文件中使用相同的变量名、函数名、类名而发生冲突。c++中使用自定义的命名空间例子如下：

person.h

#ifndef PERSON_H
#define PERSON_H
#include <iostream>
namespace person_space
{
	class Person
	{
	public:
		int ID;
	public:
		Person();
		Person(int id);
		virtual ~Person();

		virtual const int get_num(){return num;}

		static int num;
	};

	class Child : public Person
	{
	public:
		Child(){num++;}
		virtual ~Child(){num--;}

		virtual const int get_num(){return num;}
	private:
		static int num;
	};

	class Adult : public Person
	{
	public:
		Adult(){num++;}
		virtual ~Adult(){num--;}

		virtual const int get_num(){return num;}
	private:
		static int num;
	};


	const int num_persom=0;
	static int num_static=0;



}
	

#endif

person.cpp

#include "Person.h"

person_space::Person::Person():ID(0)
{
	num++;
}

person_space::Person::Person(int id):ID(id){num++;}

person_space::Person::~Person()
{
	num--;
}

int person_space::Person::num=0;

int person_space::Child::num=0;

int person_space::Adult::num=0;

main.cpp

#include "vld.h"
#include "vldapi.h"
#include "person.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	person_space::Person* p=new person_space::Person();
	person_space::Child c;
	person_space::Adult a;

	int count = a.get_num();

	person_space::Person* child =new person_space::Child();
	std::cout<<child->get_num()<<std::endl;

	person_space::Person* adult = new person_space::Adult();

	cout<<adult->get_num()<<endl;

	cout<<p->get_num()<<endl;

	delete child;

	cout<<c.get_num()<<endl;

	person_space::num_persom;
	person_space::num_static++;

	cout<<person_space::num_persom<<endl;
	cout<<person_space::num_static<<endl;
}