懒"归正传:
最近开场废话是多了点(可能是参加会议太多闹的.. ^_^!!).马上请出GridView & ObjectDataSource.
下面我将逐步展现一个分页的案例.
案例环境: WindowsXP SP2, VS2005 Team Suite,SqlServer2005(没有比这更糟的了....)
要求: 了解数据绑定控件的结构,数据源的运行机制,以及简单的绑定控件设计实现(那些内容足够再写一篇教程了,这里不再多叙.)
参 考: MSDN中提到,ObjectDataSource是唯一支持界面分页的数据源(除非自己来继承造一个,汗!),但示例仍 然是用SqlDataSource做数据源介绍的GirdView绑定.难道MS这么小气???(ps:打死俺也不说).
那好,就从那句介绍开始,咱们自己动手整出一个来.
按照常规,先准备一张表和一些存储过程,如下:
UserID ( int , primary key , identity ) -- 自动增加字段,用户ID标识列
UserName ( nvarchar ( 50 ), not null ) -- 用户名
Description ( nvarchar ( 50 ), not null ) -- 备注
Procedure :
CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ AddUser ] -- 增加一个用户
@UserName nvarchar ( 50 ),
@Description nvarchar ( 50 )
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
begin transaction t
insert into MyUsers(UserName,Description)
values ( @UserName , @Description )
if @@error <> 0
begin
rollback transaction t
end
else
begin
commit transaction
end
END
CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ DeleteUserByUserID ] -- 删除一个用户
@UserID int
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
Begin Transaction t
delete from MyUsers where UserID = @UserID
if @@error <> 0
begin
rollback transaction t
end
else
begin
commit transaction
end
END
CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ UpdateUser ] -- 修改用户姓名或备注
@UserID int ,
@UserName nvarchar ( 50 ),
@Description nvarchar ( 50 )
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
begin transaction t
update MyUsers
set UserName = @UserName ,
Description = @Description
where UserID = @UserID
if @@error <> 0
begin
rollback transaction t
end
else
begin
commit transaction t
end
END
CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ GetUsers ] -- 得到用户列表,注意这里的参数
@RowIndex int ,
@RecordCount int
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
With VUsers as (
select * ,row_number() over ( order by UserID desc ) as RowNum
from MyUsers
)
select * from VUsers
where RowNum > @RowIndex and RowNum <= ( @RowIndex + @RecordCount )
END
CREATE PROCEDURE [ dbo ] . [ GetUsersCount ]
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
select count (UserID) from MyUsers
END
这里详细说明一下倒数两个存储过程,GetUsers的参数RowIndex,不是页码(传说中的PageIndex),而是行索引,且从 0开始.这点特别要注意,因为要让ObjectDataSource自动取得当前需要的数据(界面级分页意味着当前需要显示多少数据只向数据库取多少,并 不会像其他数据源全总取出消耗性能.),依据也就是行索引和增量.GetUsersCount这个存储过程是为ObjectDataSource分页提供 总数的,它与分页的存储过程要保持一致.特别指的是有分页条件的情况,本人经常忘记(^_^||).否则GridView显示会不正常.
在WebSite新建一个DAL,假定类名为DataManager,给出代码片段如下:
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
/**/ /// <summary>
/// DataAccessLayer
/// </summary>
public class DataManager
{
private SqlConnection con = null; //连接对象
private SqlCommand cmd = null; //command执行对象
private SqlDataAdapter da = null; //适配器对象
/**//// <summary>
/// DAL对象构造
/// </summary>
public DataManager()
{
//
// TODO: Add constructor logic here
//
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 打开数据库连接
/// </summary>
private void OpenConnection()
{
try
{
string conString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["localDB"].ConnectionString;
con = new SqlConnection(conString);
if (ConnectionState.Closed == con.State)
{
con.Open();
}
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
throw new Exception("数据库无法访问", ex);
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 关闭数据库连接
/// </summary>
private void CloseConnection()
{
if (ConnectionState.Open == con.State)
{
try
{
con.Close();
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
throw new Exception("数据库无法关闭", ex);
}
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 取得用户列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="recordCount">页显示量(增量)</param>
/// <returns>用户列表数据集</returns>
public DataSet GetUsers(int rowIndex, int recordCount)
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText = "GetUsers";
SqlParameter spRowIndex = new SqlParameter("@RowIndex",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRowIndex.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
SqlParameter spRecordCount = new SqlParameter("@RecordCount",SqlDbType.Int,4);
spRecordCount.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
cmd.Parameters.Add(spRowIndex);
cmd.Parameters.Add(spRecordCount);
spRowIndex.Value = rowIndex;
spRecordCount.Value = recordCount;
da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds, "MyUsers");
return ds;
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
throw new Exception("无法取得有效数据", ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 取得用户总数
/// </summary>
/// <returns>用户总数</returns>
public int GetUsersCount()
{
OpenConnection();
try
{
cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText = "GetUsersCount";
int count = Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString());
return count;
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
throw new Exception("无法取得有效数据", ex);
}
finally
{
CloseConnection();
}
}
对DAL也有几项说明,DataManager.GetUsers(int rowIndex, int recordCount)方法的参数只能有两个,
参数名可以随意,但意义却要与调用的存储过程GetUsers要一致,rowIndex必须是行索引,recordCount必须是页显示量.
OK!接下来在页面上放上一个GridView和一个ObjectDataSource,设置代码片段如下:
< asp:GridView ID ="gvMyUsers" runat ="server" AllowPaging ="True" CellPadding ="4" DataSourceID ="objMyUsers" ForeColor ="#333333" GridLines ="None" AutoGenerateDeleteButton ="True" AutoGenerateEditButton ="True" AutoGenerateColumns ="False" DataKeyNames ="UserID" PageSize ="10" >
< FooterStyle BackColor ="#507CD1" Font-Bold ="True" ForeColor ="White" />
< RowStyle BackColor ="#EFF3FB" />
< EditRowStyle BackColor ="#2461BF" />
< SelectedRowStyle BackColor ="#D1DDF1" Font-Bold ="True" ForeColor ="#333333" />
< PagerStyle BackColor ="#2461BF" ForeColor ="White" HorizontalAlign ="Center" />
< HeaderStyle BackColor ="#507CD1" Font-Bold ="True" ForeColor ="White" />
< AlternatingRowStyle BackColor ="White" />
</ asp:GridView >
< asp:ObjectDataSource ID ="objMyUsers" runat ="server" EnablePaging ="True" MaximumRowsParameterName ="recordCount"
SelectCountMethod ="GetUsersCount" SelectMethod ="GetUsers" StartRowIndexParameterName ="rowIndex" TypeName ="DataManager" >
</ asp:ObjectDataSource >
指定每页显示最大数据量(页显示量)的参数:
MaximumRowsParameterName="recordCount"
指定取得数据总数方法:
SelectCountMethod="GetUsersCount"
指定分页方法:
SelectMethod="GetUsers"
指定起始行参数:
StartRowIndexParameterName="rowIndex"
指定前面方法所属类名(全限定名):
TypeName="DataManager
这几个设置是必须的,一定要对应.
现在轻轻的点击一下运行吧(什么什么?还没写事件?...我说老铁,都啥年月了,懒人还有用那玩儿吗?).到这里,一个最快速的分页其实已经做完了.
前面的步骤都是必须的,但仍然可以有一些变化.比如,若你已经按以往的办法写好了一个类似于
@PageIndex int ,
@PageSize int
as
begin
end
把rowIndex,recordCount在调用存储过程前转换成PageIndex,PageSize就好了,也不过是
PageIndex = rowIndex/recordCount +1; PageSize =recordCount;这样的语句就能搞定啦.再或者改存储过程里面也行(虽然有点不值得),不多说了.自己耍一把就知道了.
你一定心里还有疑问,没错,DataManager.GetUsers(int rowIndex, int recordCount)这个方法,更多时候需要多一些参数,也就是说,我们分页取数据的过程,还需要一些筛选条件,但这个方法是要给 ObjectDataSource的selectMethod方法,不能增加别的参数,形成矛盾怎么办??欲知解决之道,且等下回分解.....(快跑 啊.....鸡蛋来啦!!)