ansible API 示例

Question

How can I run a playbook in python script? What is the equivalent of the following using ansible module in python:

ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup
ansible-playbook -i hosts -vvvv -k site.yml

I was looking at their documenation in http://docs.ansible.com/developing_api.html but they have very limited examples.

@tristan, thanks for the reply, I looked into their documentation as you said in your post, but I could not find any explanation or example on how to call ansible-playbook or how to pass certain arguments such as ansible-playbook -i hosts -u foo -k — helloworld2013, Dec 23 '14 at 17:41
Ah, I've updated my answer. Please accept if you found it helpful, but in the future, it's easier to answer questions that are specific. — tristan, Dec 23 '14 at 17:59
No problem. If you have any more questions, post them and let me know — tristan, Dec 23 '14 at 20:11

ruslo · Accepted Answer · 2015-09-21 17:14:27Z

This covered in the Ansible documentation under "Python API."

For example, ansible -i hosts dbservers -m setup is implemented via:

import ansible.runner

runner = ansible.runner.Runner(
   module_name='setup',
   module_args='',
   pattern='dbservers',
)
dbservers_get_facts = runner.run()

There are a bunch of non-documented parameters in the __init__ method of Runner (from ansible.runner). There's too many to list inline, but I've included some of the parameters in this post as a guess to what you're specifically looking for.

class Runner(object):
    ''' core API interface to ansible '''

    # see bin/ansible for how this is used...

    def __init__(self,
        host_list=C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST,      # ex: /etc/ansible/hosts, legacy usage
        module_path=None,                   # ex: /usr/share/ansible
        module_name=C.DEFAULT_MODULE_NAME,  # ex: copy
        module_args=C.DEFAULT_MODULE_ARGS,  # ex: "src=/tmp/a dest=/tmp/b"
        ...
        pattern=C.DEFAULT_PATTERN,          # which hosts?  ex: 'all', 'acme.example.org'
        remote_user=C.DEFAULT_REMOTE_USER,  # ex: 'username'
        remote_pass=C.DEFAULT_REMOTE_PASS,  # ex: 'password123' or None if using key
        remote_port=None,                   # if SSH on different ports
        private_key_file=C.DEFAULT_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, # if not using keys/passwords
        sudo_pass=C.DEFAULT_SUDO_PASS,      # ex: 'password123' or None
        ...
        sudo=False,                         # whether to run sudo or not
        sudo_user=C.DEFAULT_SUDO_USER,      # ex: 'root'
        module_vars=None,                   # a playbooks internals thing
        play_vars=None,                     #
        play_file_vars=None,                #
        role_vars=None,                     #
        role_params=None,                   #
        default_vars=None,                  #
        extra_vars=None,                    # extra vars specified with he playbook(s)
        is_playbook=False,                  # running from playbook or not?
        inventory=None,                     # reference to Inventory object
        ...
        su=False,                           # Are we running our command via su?
        su_user=None,                       # User to su to when running command, ex: 'root'
        su_pass=C.DEFAULT_SU_PASS,
        vault_pass=None,
        ...
        ):

For instance, the above command that specifies a sudo user and pass would be:

runner = ansible.runner.Runner(
   module_name='setup',
   module_args='',
   pattern='dbservers',
   remote_user='some_user'
   remote_pass='some_pass_or_python_expression_that_returns_a_string'
)

For playbooks, look into playbook.PlayBook, which takes a similar set of initializers:

class PlayBook(object):
    '''
    runs an ansible playbook, given as a datastructure or YAML filename.
    ...
    '''

    # *****************************************************

    def __init__(self,
        playbook         = None,
        host_list        = C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST,
        module_path      = None,
        ....

and can be executed with the .run() method. e.g.:

from ansible.playbook import PlayBook
pb = PlayBook(playbook='/path/to/book.yml, --other initializers--)
pb.run()

more robust usage can be found in the ansible-playbook file.

As far as I know, translating playbooks to Python modules is a bit more involved, but the documentation listed above should get you covered and you can reuse the YAML parser built into Ansible to convert playbooks to variables.

This doesn't seem to answer how to run a playbook, but instead an individual task. There is anansible.playbook.Playbook class with a run method as well which I think the OP is asking about - I know it's what I'm trying to find :D — fideloper, Mar 25 '15 at 15:32
ansible.playbook.Playbook calls to runner for execution (see is_playbook in ansible.runner), but good point. updating answer now. — tristan, Mar 25 '15 at 16:05
Thank you very much! Also found a good example in (where else?!) the GitHub repo with their ansible-playbook command --- (edit: whoops, you pointed that out already :D ) — fideloper, Mar 25 '15 at 20:08
@fideloper happy to help. my typical path in extending Ansible is to just hop around in the source or to just kick off pdb and follow it -- Ansible's code base is pretty straightforward. — tristan, Mar 25 '15 at 20:20

score 3 · Answer 2

I have answered the question here Posting this here cause posting links is discouraged in the community. Hope it helps.

" The documentation is surprisingly lacking and you'll have to get started here

That being said, here is a quick script I hacked together that manages to run a playbook.

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import sys
from collections import namedtuple

from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory import Inventory
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor

variable_manager = VariableManager()
loader = DataLoader()

inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager,  host_list='/home/slotlocker/hosts2')
playbook_path = '/home/slotlocker/ls.yml'

if not os.path.exists(playbook_path):
    print '[INFO] The playbook does not exist'
    sys.exit()

Options = namedtuple('Options', ['listtags', 'listtasks', 'listhosts', 'syntax', 'connection','module_path', 'forks', 'remote_user', 'private_key_file', 'ssh_common_args', 'ssh_extra_args', 'sftp_extra_args', 'scp_extra_args', 'become', 'become_method', 'become_user', 'verbosity', 'check'])
options = Options(listtags=False, listtasks=False, listhosts=False, syntax=False, connection='ssh', module_path=None, forks=100, remote_user='slotlocker', private_key_file=None, ssh_common_args=None, ssh_extra_args=None, sftp_extra_args=None, scp_extra_args=None, become=True, become_method=None, become_user='root', verbosity=None, check=False)

variable_manager.extra_vars = {'hosts': 'mywebserver'} # This can accomodate various other command line arguments.`

passwords = {}

pbex = PlaybookExecutor(playbooks=[playbook_path], inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader, options=options, passwords=passwords)

results = pbex.run()

##################################################################################################

http://www.cnblogs.com/xpxstar/p/4940281.html

http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/1030776/1353618

http://rfyiamcool.blog.51cto.com/1030776/1413031/

https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler/wiki/CobblerApi

https://fedorahosted.org/cobbler/wiki/CobblerXmlrpc

ansible API 示例

一、ansible api

二、ansible_playbook api

三、总结

3 Answers