数据储存（二）及共享

ContentProvider:
ContentProvider的接口充当应用程序之间的桥梁，通过它可以实现应用程序之间的数据共享和改变，首先你需要在AndroidManifest XML文件中设置权限许可，并且可以通过简单的URI模型进行访问，每个内容提供提都有一个唯一的统一的资源标识符（URI），通常其URI可以有ContentProvider的authority和数据表名字组成。
应用程序需要通过ContentResolver实例访问内容提供器，如

ContentResolver crInstance = getContentResolver();
crInstance.query(People.CONTENT_URI,null,null,null,null,);

ContentValues new_values = new ContentValues();
crInstance.insert(People.CONTENT_URI,new_values);
crInstance.delete(People.CONTEN_URI,null,null);

crInstance.update(People_URI,null,null);

先介绍一下Android系统的原生数据库

1. Browser
2. CallLog
3. Contacts
4. LiveFolders
5. MediaStore
6. Setting
7. SearchRecentSuggestion
8. SyncStateContact
9. UserDictionary

要想在其他应用程序中访问数据库，首先你需要创建一个ContentProvider的继承类，然后 继承其方法，当你在另一个应用程序中得到 ContentResolver时，则可以调用这些方法。可以选择性override方法有：

1. query
2. insert
3. update
4. delete
5. getType
6. onCreate

先介绍一个UriMatcher这个类，用来辅助实现在ContentProvider中URI的匹配操作 。首先你可以先定义一些code，这些code可以呈tree装，用于匹配成功时的返回值。

private static final int PEOPLE = 1;
    private static final int PEOPLE_ID = 2;
    private static final int PEOPLE_PHONES = 3;
    private static final int PEOPLE_PHONES_ID = 4;
    private static final int PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS = 7;
    private static final int PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID = 8;

    private static final int DELETED_PEOPLE = 20;

    private static final int PHONES = 9;
    private static final int PHONES_ID = 10;
    private static final int PHONES_FILTER = 14;

    private static final int CONTACTMETHODS = 18;
    private static final int CONTACTMETHODS_ID = 19;

    private static final int CALLS = 11;
    private static final int CALLS_ID = 12;
    private static final int CALLS_FILTER = 15;

然后定义你的UriMatcher实例。

private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static
    {
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "people", PEOPLE);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "people/#", PEOPLE_ID);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "phones", PHONES);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "phones/#", PHONES_ID);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "calls", CALLS);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER);
        sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "calls/#", CALLS_ID);
    }

这样改UriMather实例就具有了匹配多个URI功能，其中#表示任意number，*表示任意字母。

public void addURI(String authority, String path, int code)将一个Uri添加到该UriMatcher中，并确定成功匹配后的返回值。

public int match(Uri uri)实现匹配功能，返回code。

public class DiaryContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

    private MyDB dba;
    private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher;
    private static final int DIARIES = 1;
    public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.almoliu.mydbtest";

    static {
        sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,Constants.TABLE_NAME,DIARIES);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        dba = new MyDB(this.getContext());
        dba.openW();
        return false;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {

        Cursor c= null;
     //  dba.openW();
        switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case DIARIES:
                c = dba.getdiaries();
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow URI"+uri);
        }
        c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(),uri);
        return c;
    }

    public DiaryContentProvider() {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }
}

在另一个应用程序的activity中：

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.output);
          String myUri = "content://com.example.almoliu.mydbtest/diaries";
        Uri CONTENT_URI  = Uri.parse(myUri);
        ContentResolver crInstance = getContentResolver();
        Cursor c = crInstance.query(CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null);


        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if(c.moveToFirst()) {
            do{
                sb.append(c.getString(1)).append("\n");
            }while(c.moveToNext());
        }
        tv.setText(sb.toString());
    }