android UI进阶之实现listview的下拉加载

 

关于listview的操作五花八门，有下拉刷新，分级显示，分页列表，逐页加载等，以后会陆续和大家分享这些技术，今天讲下下拉加载这个功能的实现。

最初的下拉加载应该是ios上的效果，现在很多应用如新浪微博等都加入了这个操作。即下拉listview刷新列表，这无疑是一个非常友好的操作。今天就和大家分享下这个操作的实现。

先看下运行效果：

   

 

   

 

代码参考国外朋友Johan Nilsson的实现，http://johannilsson.com/2011/03/13/android-pull-to-refresh-update.html。

主要原理为监听触摸和滑动操作，在listview头部加载一个视图。那要做的其实很简单：1.写好加载到listview头部的view 2.重写listview，实现onTouchEvent方法和onScroll方法，监听滑动状态。计算headview全部显示出来即可实行加载动作，加载完成即刷新列表。重新隐藏headview。

首先写下headview的xml代码：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
    android:paddingTop="10dip"  
    android:paddingBottom="15dip"  
    android:gravity="center"  
        android:id="@+id/pull_to_refresh_header"  
    >  
    <ProgressBar   
        android:id="@+id/pull_to_refresh_progress"  
        android:indeterminate="true"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_marginLeft="30dip"  
        android:layout_marginRight="20dip"  
        android:layout_marginTop="10dip"  
        android:visibility="gone"  
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"  
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleSmall"  
        />  
    <ImageView  
        android:id="@+id/pull_to_refresh_image"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_marginLeft="30dip"  
        android:layout_marginRight="20dip"  
        android:visibility="gone"  
        android:layout_gravity="center"  
        android:gravity="center"  
        android:src="@drawable/ic_pulltorefresh_arrow"  
        />  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/pull_to_refresh_text"  
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium"  
        android:textStyle="bold"  
        android:paddingTop="5dip"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_gravity="center"  
        android:gravity="center"  
        />  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/pull_to_refresh_updated_at"  
        android:layout_below="@+id/pull_to_refresh_text"  
        android:visibility="gone"  
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"  
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_gravity="center"  
        android:gravity="center"  
        />  
</RelativeLayout> 

 

代码比较简单，即headview包括一个进度条一个箭头和两段文字（一个显示加载状态，另一个显示最后刷新时间，本例就不设置了）。

而后重写listview，代码如下：

package com.notice.pullrefresh;  
  
  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.util.AttributeSet;  
import android.view.LayoutInflater;  
import android.view.MotionEvent;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.view.ViewGroup;  
import android.view.animation.LinearInterpolator;  
import android.view.animation.RotateAnimation;  
import android.widget.AbsListView;  
import android.widget.AbsListView.OnScrollListener;  
import android.widget.ImageView;  
import android.widget.ListAdapter;  
import android.widget.ListView;  
import android.widget.ProgressBar;  
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;  
import android.widget.TextView;  
  
   
  
public class PullToRefreshListView extends ListView implements OnScrollListener {  
  
    // 状态  
    private static final int TAP_TO_REFRESH = 1;  
    private static final int PULL_TO_REFRESH = 2;  
    private static final int RELEASE_TO_REFRESH = 3;  
    private static final int REFRESHING = 4;  
  
  
    private OnRefreshListener mOnRefreshListener;  
  
  
    // 监听对listview的滑动动作  
    private OnScrollListener mOnScrollListener;  
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;  
  
    //顶部刷新时出现的控件  
    private RelativeLayout mRefreshView;  
    private TextView mRefreshViewText;  
    private ImageView mRefreshViewImage;  
    private ProgressBar mRefreshViewProgress;  
    private TextView mRefreshViewLastUpdated;  
  
    // 当前滑动状态  
    private int mCurrentScrollState;  
    // 当前刷新状态  
    private int mRefreshState;  
      
    // 箭头动画效果  
    private RotateAnimation mFlipAnimation;  
    private RotateAnimation mReverseFlipAnimation;  
  
    private int mRefreshViewHeight;  
    private int mRefreshOriginalTopPadding;  
    private int mLastMotionY;  
  
    private boolean mBounceHack;  
  
    public PullToRefreshListView(Context context) {  
        super(context);  
        init(context);  
    }  
  
    public PullToRefreshListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {  
        super(context, attrs);  
        init(context);  
    }  
  
    public PullToRefreshListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {  
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);  
        init(context);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 初始化控件和箭头动画（这里直接在代码中初始化动画而不是通过xml） 
     */  
    private void init(Context context) {  
        mFlipAnimation = new RotateAnimation(0, -180,  
                RotateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,  
                RotateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);  
        mFlipAnimation.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());  
        mFlipAnimation.setDuration(250);  
        mFlipAnimation.setFillAfter(true);  
        mReverseFlipAnimation = new RotateAnimation(-180, 0,  
                RotateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,  
                RotateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);  
        mReverseFlipAnimation.setInterpolator(new LinearInterpolator());  
        mReverseFlipAnimation.setDuration(250);  
        mReverseFlipAnimation.setFillAfter(true);  
  
        mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(  
                Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);  
  
        mRefreshView = (RelativeLayout) mInflater.inflate(  
                R.layout.pull_to_refresh_header, this, false);  
        mRefreshViewText =  
            (TextView) mRefreshView.findViewById(R.id.pull_to_refresh_text);  
        mRefreshViewImage =  
            (ImageView) mRefreshView.findViewById(R.id.pull_to_refresh_image);  
        mRefreshViewProgress =  
            (ProgressBar) mRefreshView.findViewById(R.id.pull_to_refresh_progress);  
        mRefreshViewLastUpdated =  
            (TextView) mRefreshView.findViewById(R.id.pull_to_refresh_updated_at);  
  
        mRefreshViewImage.setMinimumHeight(50);  
        mRefreshOriginalTopPadding = mRefreshView.getPaddingTop();  
  
        mRefreshState = TAP_TO_REFRESH;  
          
        //为listview头部增加一个view  
        addHeaderView(mRefreshView);  
  
        super.setOnScrollListener(this);  
  
        measureView(mRefreshView);  
        mRefreshViewHeight = mRefreshView.getMeasuredHeight();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onAttachedToWindow() {  
        setSelection(1);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void setAdapter(ListAdapter adapter) {  
        super.setAdapter(adapter);  
  
        setSelection(1);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 设置滑动监听器 
     *  
     */  
    @Override  
    public void setOnScrollListener(AbsListView.OnScrollListener l) {  
        mOnScrollListener = l;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 注册一个list需要刷新时的回调接口 
     *  
     */  
    public void setOnRefreshListener(OnRefreshListener onRefreshListener) {  
        mOnRefreshListener = onRefreshListener;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 设置标签显示何时最后被刷新 
     *  
     * @param lastUpdated 
     *            Last updated at. 
     */  
    public void setLastUpdated(CharSequence lastUpdated) {  
        if (lastUpdated != null) {  
            mRefreshViewLastUpdated.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);  
            mRefreshViewLastUpdated.setText(lastUpdated);  
        } else {  
            mRefreshViewLastUpdated.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
        }  
    }  
  
    // 实现该方法处理触摸  
    @Override  
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {  
        final int y = (int) event.getY();  
        mBounceHack = false;  
  
        switch (event.getAction()) {  
  
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:  
                if (!isVerticalScrollBarEnabled()) {  
                    setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(true);  
                }  
                if (getFirstVisiblePosition() == 0 && mRefreshState != REFRESHING) {  
                // 拖动距离达到刷新需要  
                    if ((mRefreshView.getBottom() >= mRefreshViewHeight  
                            || mRefreshView.getTop() >= 0)  
                            && mRefreshState == RELEASE_TO_REFRESH) {  
                    // 把状态设置为正在刷新  
                        mRefreshState = REFRESHING;  
                    // 准备刷新  
                        prepareForRefresh();  
                    // 刷新  
                        onRefresh();  
                    } else if (mRefreshView.getBottom() < mRefreshViewHeight  
                            || mRefreshView.getTop() <= 0) {  
                    // 中止刷新  
                        resetHeader();  
                        setSelection(1);  
                    }  
                }  
                break;  
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:  
            // 获得按下y轴位置  
                mLastMotionY = y;  
                break;  
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:  
            // 计算边距  
                applyHeaderPadding(event);  
                break;  
        }  
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);  
    }  
  
    // 获得header的边距  
    private void applyHeaderPadding(MotionEvent ev) {  
  
        int pointerCount = ev.getHistorySize();  
  
        for (int p = 0; p < pointerCount; p++) {  
            if (mRefreshState == RELEASE_TO_REFRESH) {  
                if (isVerticalFadingEdgeEnabled()) {  
                    setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(false);  
                }  
  
                int historicalY = (int) ev.getHistoricalY(p);  
  
                // 计算申请的边距，除以1.7使得拉动效果更好  
                int topPadding = (int) (((historicalY - mLastMotionY)  
                        - mRefreshViewHeight) / 1.7);  
  
                mRefreshView.setPadding(  
                        mRefreshView.getPaddingLeft(),  
                        topPadding,  
                        mRefreshView.getPaddingRight(),  
                        mRefreshView.getPaddingBottom());  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 将head的边距重置为初始的数值 
     */  
    private void resetHeaderPadding() {  
        mRefreshView.setPadding(  
                mRefreshView.getPaddingLeft(),  
                mRefreshOriginalTopPadding,  
                mRefreshView.getPaddingRight(),  
                mRefreshView.getPaddingBottom());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 重置header为之前的状态 
     */  
    private void resetHeader() {  
        if (mRefreshState != TAP_TO_REFRESH) {  
            mRefreshState = TAP_TO_REFRESH;  
  
            resetHeaderPadding();  
  
            // 将刷新图标换成箭头  
            mRefreshViewImage.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_pulltorefresh_arrow);  
            // 清除动画  
            mRefreshViewImage.clearAnimation();  
            // 隐藏图标和进度条  
            mRefreshViewImage.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
            mRefreshViewProgress.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
        }  
    }  
  
    // 估算headview的width和height  
    private void measureView(View child) {  
        ViewGroup.LayoutParams p = child.getLayoutParams();  
        if (p == null) {  
            p = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(  
                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,  
                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);  
        }  
  
        int childWidthSpec = ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec(0,  
                0 + 0, p.width);  
        int lpHeight = p.height;  
        int childHeightSpec;  
        if (lpHeight > 0) {  
            childHeightSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(lpHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);  
        } else {  
            childHeightSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);  
        }  
        child.measure(childWidthSpec, childHeightSpec);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem,  
            int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) {  
  
        // 在refreshview完全可见时，设置文字为松开刷新，同时翻转箭头  
        if (mCurrentScrollState == SCROLL_STATE_TOUCH_SCROLL  
                && mRefreshState != REFRESHING) {  
            if (firstVisibleItem == 0) {  
                mRefreshViewImage.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);  
                if ((mRefreshView.getBottom() >= mRefreshViewHeight + 20  
                        || mRefreshView.getTop() >= 0)  
                        && mRefreshState != RELEASE_TO_REFRESH) {  
                    mRefreshViewText.setText("松开加载...");  
                    mRefreshViewImage.clearAnimation();  
                    mRefreshViewImage.startAnimation(mFlipAnimation);  
                    mRefreshState = RELEASE_TO_REFRESH;  
                } else if (mRefreshView.getBottom() < mRefreshViewHeight + 20  
                        && mRefreshState != PULL_TO_REFRESH) {  
                    mRefreshViewText.setText("下拉刷新...");  
                    if (mRefreshState != TAP_TO_REFRESH) {  
                        mRefreshViewImage.clearAnimation();  
                        mRefreshViewImage.startAnimation(mReverseFlipAnimation);  
                    }  
                    mRefreshState = PULL_TO_REFRESH;  
                }  
            } else {  
                mRefreshViewImage.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
                resetHeader();  
            }  
        } else if (mCurrentScrollState == SCROLL_STATE_FLING  
                && firstVisibleItem == 0  
                && mRefreshState != REFRESHING) {  
            setSelection(1);  
            mBounceHack = true;  
        } else if (mBounceHack && mCurrentScrollState == SCROLL_STATE_FLING) {  
            setSelection(1);  
        }  
  
        if (mOnScrollListener != null) {  
            mOnScrollListener.onScroll(view, firstVisibleItem,  
                    visibleItemCount, totalItemCount);  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {  
        mCurrentScrollState = scrollState;  
  
        if (mCurrentScrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) {  
            mBounceHack = false;  
        }  
  
        if (mOnScrollListener != null) {  
            mOnScrollListener.onScrollStateChanged(view, scrollState);  
        }  
    }  
  
    public void prepareForRefresh() {  
        resetHeaderPadding();// 恢复header的边距  
  
        mRefreshViewImage.setVisibility(View.GONE);  
        // 注意加上，否则仍然显示之前的图片  
        mRefreshViewImage.setImageDrawable(null);  
        mRefreshViewProgress.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);  
  
        // 设置文字  
        mRefreshViewText.setText("加载中...");  
  
        mRefreshState = REFRESHING;  
    }  
  
    public void onRefresh() {  
  
        if (mOnRefreshListener != null) {  
            mOnRefreshListener.onRefresh();  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 重置listview为普通的listview，该方法设置最后更新时间 
     *  
     * @param lastUpdated 
     *            Last updated at. 
     */  
    public void onRefreshComplete(CharSequence lastUpdated) {  
        setLastUpdated(lastUpdated);  
        onRefreshComplete();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 重置listview为普通的listview，不设置最后更新时间 
     */  
    public void onRefreshComplete() {          
  
        resetHeader();  
  
        // 如果refreshview在加载结束后可见，下滑到下一个条目  
        if (mRefreshView.getBottom() > 0) {  
            invalidateViews();  
            setSelection(1);  
        }  
    }  
  
  
  
    /** 
     * 刷新监听器接口 
     */  
    public interface OnRefreshListener {  
        /** 
         * list需要被刷新时调用 
         */  
        public void onRefresh();  
    }  
}  

 

相信我注释已经写的比较详细了，主要注意onTouchEvent和onScroll方法，在这里面计算头部边距，从而通过用户的手势实现“下拉刷新”到“松开加载”以及“加载”三个状态的切换。其中还有一系列和header有关的方法，用来设置header的显示以及取得header的边距。于此同时，代码留出了接口以供调用。

那么现在写一个测试Activity来试验下效果：

package com.notice.pullrefresh;  
  
import java.util.Arrays;  
import java.util.LinkedList;  
  
import android.app.ListActivity;  
import android.os.AsyncTask;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
  
import com.notice.pullrefresh.PullToRefreshListView.OnRefreshListener;  
  
  
public class PullrefreshActivity extends ListActivity {  
    private LinkedList<String> mListItems;  
    ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;  
  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.pull_to_refresh);  
  
        // list需要刷新时调用  
        ((PullToRefreshListView) getListView())  
                .setOnRefreshListener(new OnRefreshListener() {  
                    @Override  
                    public void onRefresh() {  
                        // 在这执行后台工作  
                        new GetDataTask().execute();  
                    }  
                });  
  
  
  
        mListItems = new LinkedList<String>();  
        mListItems.addAll(Arrays.asList(mStrings));  
  
        adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,  
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListItems);  
  
        setListAdapter(adapter);  
    }  
  
  
    private class GetDataTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String[]> {  
  
        @Override  
        protected String[] doInBackground(Void... params) {  
            // 在这里可以做一些后台工作  
            try {  
                Thread.sleep(2000);  
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
            return mStrings;  
        }  
  
        @Override  
        protected void onPostExecute(String[] result) {  
            // 下拉后增加的内容  
            mListItems.addFirst("Added after refresh...");  
  
            // 刷新完成调用该方法复位  
            ((PullToRefreshListView) getListView()).onRefreshComplete();  
  
            super.onPostExecute(result);  
        }  
    }  
  
    private String[] mStrings = { "normal data1", "normal data2",  
            "nomal data3", "normal data4", "norma data5", "normal data6" };  
}  

代码通过asyncTask实现一个异步操作，并通过设置onRefreshListener监听器调用onRefresh方法实现下拉时刷新，并在刷新完成后调用onRefreshComplete做复位处理。

今天就和大家分享这些，有问题欢迎留言交流。