byte[]转hex的方法

方法一

    byte[] bytes = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3 };
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    for (byte b : bytes) {
        sb.append(String.format("%02X ", b));
    }
    System.out.println(sb.toString());
    // prints "FF 00 01 02 03 "

说明：
1、java.util.Formatter syntax

%[flags][width]conversion
Flag '0' - The result will be zero-padded，空位用0填充
Width 2 宽度是2
Conversion 'X' - The result is formatted as a hexadecimal integer, uppercase

2、-1是以补码的形式存在的，8位二进制表示11111111。正数的原码、反码、补码全部相同。负数的反码是符号位不变，其余一次取反，补码是反码+1。如：
[+1] = [00000001]原 = [00000001]反 = [00000001]补
[-1] = [10000001]原 = [11111110]反 = [11111111]补

方法二：
uses Integer.toHexString(int); this is doable, but with some caveats. Since the parameter is an int, a widening primitive conversion is performed to the byte argument, which involves sign extension.

    byte b = -1;
    System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(b));
    // prints "ffffffff"

The 8-bit byte, which is signed in Java, is sign-extended to a 32-bit int(4 bytes in java). To effectively undo this sign extension, one can mask the byte with 0xFF.

    byte b = -1;
    System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
    // prints "ff"

Another issue with using toHexString is that it doesn’t pad with zeroes:

    byte b = 10;
    System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
    // prints "a"

补充：
byte to int，补位的方式，如果是正数，则前24位补0，如果是负数，则前24位补1。
int to byte，如果直接强转，则直接丢弃前24位。

        byte a = 40;//8bit 00101000
        byte b = -40;//8bit 10100000
        int c = 129;
        byte d = (byte)c;
        System.out.println("40:" + Integer.toBinaryString((int)a));
        //print 00000000 00000000 00000000 00101000
        System.out.println("-40:" + Integer.toBinaryString((int)b));
        //print 11111111 11111111 11111111 11011000
        System.out.println("c:" + Integer.toBinaryString(c));
        //print c:10000001
        System.out.println("d:" + Integer.toBinaryString(d));
        //print d:11111111111111111111111110000001
        System.out.println("c:" + c);
        //print c:129
        System.out.println("d:" + d);
        //print d:-127