JAVA发送HTTP请求，并接受返回内容

JDK 中提供了一些对无状态协议请求（HTTP ）的支持，下面我就将我所写的一个小例子（组件）进行描述： 
首先让我们先构建一个请求类（HttpRequester ）。 
该类封装了 JAVA 实现简单请求的代码，如下：

package atco.http;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Vector;
 
/**
 * HTTP请求对象
 * 
 * @author OUWCH
 */
public class HttpRequester {
	private String defaultContentEncoding;
 
	public HttpRequester() {
		this.defaultContentEncoding = Charset.defaultCharset().name();
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送GET请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 *            URL地址
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public HttpRespons sendGet(String urlString) throws IOException {
		return this.send(urlString, "GET", null, null);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送GET请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 *            URL地址
	 * @param params
	 *            参数集合
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public HttpRespons sendGet(String urlString, Map<String, String> params)
			throws IOException {
		return this.send(urlString, "GET", params, null);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送GET请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 *            URL地址
	 * @param params
	 *            参数集合
	 * @param propertys
	 *            请求属性
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public HttpRespons sendGet(String urlString, Map<String, String> params,
			Map<String, String> propertys) throws IOException {
		return this.send(urlString, "GET", params, propertys);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送POST请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 *            URL地址
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public HttpRespons sendPost(String urlString) throws IOException {
		return this.send(urlString, "POST", null, null);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送POST请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 *            URL地址
	 * @param params
	 *            参数集合
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public HttpRespons sendPost(String urlString, Map<String, String> params)
			throws IOException {
		return this.send(urlString, "POST", params, null);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送POST请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 *            URL地址
	 * @param params
	 *            参数集合
	 * @param propertys
	 *            请求属性
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	public HttpRespons sendPost(String urlString, Map<String, String> params,
			Map<String, String> propertys) throws IOException {
		return this.send(urlString, "POST", params, propertys);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 发送HTTP请求
	 * 
	 * @param urlString
	 * @return 响映对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	private HttpRespons send(String urlString, String method,
			Map<String, String> parameters, Map<String, String> propertys)
			throws IOException {
		HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
 
		if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("GET") && parameters != null) {
			StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
			int i = 0;
			for (String key : parameters.keySet()) {
				if (i == 0)
					param.append("?");
				else
					param.append("&");
				param.append(key).append("=").append(parameters.get(key));
				i++;
			}
			urlString += param;
		}
		URL url = new URL(urlString);
		urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
 
		urlConnection.setRequestMethod(method);
		urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
		urlConnection.setDoInput(true);
		urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
 
		if (propertys != null)
			for (String key : propertys.keySet()) {
				urlConnection.addRequestProperty(key, propertys.get(key));
			}
 
		if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("POST") && parameters != null) {
			StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
			for (String key : parameters.keySet()) {
				param.append("&");
				param.append(key).append("=").append(parameters.get(key));
			}
			urlConnection.getOutputStream().write(param.toString().getBytes());
			urlConnection.getOutputStream().flush();
			urlConnection.getOutputStream().close();
		}
 
		return this.makeContent(urlString, urlConnection);
	}
 
	/**
	 * 得到响应对象
	 * 
	 * @param urlConnection
	 * @return 响应对象
	 * @throws IOException
	 */
	private HttpRespons makeContent(String urlString,
			HttpURLConnection urlConnection) throws IOException {
		HttpRespons httpResponser = new HttpRespons();
		try {
			InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
			BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
					new InputStreamReader(in));
			httpResponser.contentCollection = new Vector<String>();
			StringBuffer temp = new StringBuffer();
			String line = bufferedReader.readLine();
			while (line != null) {
				httpResponser.contentCollection.add(line);
				temp.append(line).append("\r\n");
				line = bufferedReader.readLine();
			}
			bufferedReader.close();
 
			String ecod = urlConnection.getContentEncoding();
			if (ecod == null)
				ecod = this.defaultContentEncoding;
 
			httpResponser.urlString = urlString;
 
			httpResponser.defaultPort = urlConnection.getURL().getDefaultPort();
			httpResponser.file = urlConnection.getURL().getFile();
			httpResponser.host = urlConnection.getURL().getHost();
			httpResponser.path = urlConnection.getURL().getPath();
			httpResponser.port = urlConnection.getURL().getPort();
			httpResponser.protocol = urlConnection.getURL().getProtocol();
			httpResponser.query = urlConnection.getURL().getQuery();
			httpResponser.ref = urlConnection.getURL().getRef();
			httpResponser.userInfo = urlConnection.getURL().getUserInfo();
 
			httpResponser.content = new String(temp.toString().getBytes(), ecod);
			httpResponser.contentEncoding = ecod;
			httpResponser.code = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
			httpResponser.message = urlConnection.getResponseMessage();
			httpResponser.contentType = urlConnection.getContentType();
			httpResponser.method = urlConnection.getRequestMethod();
			httpResponser.connectTimeout = urlConnection.getConnectTimeout();
			httpResponser.readTimeout = urlConnection.getReadTimeout();
 
			return httpResponser;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (urlConnection != null)
				urlConnection.disconnect();
		}
	}
 
	/**
	 * 默认的响应字符集
	 */
	public String getDefaultContentEncoding() {
		return this.defaultContentEncoding;
	}
 
	/**
	 * 设置默认的响应字符集
	 */
	public void setDefaultContentEncoding(String defaultContentEncoding) {
		this.defaultContentEncoding = defaultContentEncoding;
	}
}
 

其次我们来看看响应对象（HttpRespons ）。
 响应对象其实只是一个数据BEAN ，由此来封装请求响应的结果数据，如下： Java代码 

package atco.http;

import java.util.Vector;   

/**  
 * HTTP响应对象
 * 
 * @author OUWCH
 */  
public class HttpRespons {   
    
    String urlString;   
    
    int defaultPort;   
    
    String file;   
    
    String host;   
    
    String path;   
    
    int port;   
    
    String protocol;   
    
    String query;   
    
    String ref;   
    
    String userInfo;   
    
    String contentEncoding;   
    
    String content;   
    
    String contentType;   
    
    int code;   
    
    String message;   
    
    String method;   
    
    int connectTimeout;   
    
    int readTimeout;   
    
    Vector<String> contentCollection;   
    
    public String getContent() {   
        return content;   
    }   
    
    public String getContentType() {   
        return contentType;   
    }   
    
    public int getCode() {   
        return code;   
    }   
    
    public String getMessage() {   
        return message;   
    }   
    
    public Vector<String> getContentCollection() {   
        return contentCollection;   
    }   
    
    public String getContentEncoding() {   
        return contentEncoding;   
    }   
    
    public String getMethod() {   
        return method;   
    }   
    
    public int getConnectTimeout() {   
        return connectTimeout;   
    }   
    
    public int getReadTimeout() {   
        return readTimeout;   
    }   
    
    public String getUrlString() {   
        return urlString;   
    }   
    
    public int getDefaultPort() {   
        return defaultPort;   
    }   
    
    public String getFile() {   
        return file;   
    }   
    
    public String getHost() {   
        return host;   
    }   
    
    public String getPath() {   
        return path;   
    }   
    
    public int getPort() {   
        return port;   
    }   
    
    public String getProtocol() {   
        return protocol;   
    }   
    
    public String getQuery() {   
        return query;   
    }   
    
    public String getRef() {   
        return ref;   
    }   
    
    public String getUserInfo() {   
        return userInfo;   
    }   
    
} 

最后，让我们写一个应用类，测试以上代码是否正确 

package atco.http;

public class Test {

	/**
	 * @Description: TODO
	 * @param @param args    
	 * @return     
	 * @throws 
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try {     
            HttpRequester request = new HttpRequester();
            request.setDefaultContentEncoding("utf-8");
            HttpRespons hr = request.sendGet("http://www.csdn.net");     
      
            System.out.println(hr.getUrlString());     
            System.out.println(hr.getProtocol());     
            System.out.println(hr.getHost());     
            System.out.println(hr.getPort());     
            System.out.println(hr.getContentEncoding());     
            System.out.println(hr.getMethod());     
                 
            System.out.println(hr.getContent());     
      
        } catch (Exception e) {     
            e.printStackTrace();     
        } 
	}

}