并行图像细化算法和C代码实现 （转）

试了一下，效果还不错

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并行图像细化算法和C代码实现

图像细化一般作为一种图像预处理技术出现,目的是提取源图像的骨架,即是将原图像中线条宽度大于1个象素的线条细化成只有一个象素宽,形成'骨架',形成骨架后能比较容易的分析图像,如提取图像的特征.

细化分成串行细化和并行细化2中,串行细化即是一遍检测满足细化条件的点一边删除细化点,并行细化即是检测细化点的时候不进行点的删除只进行标记,而在检测完整幅图像后一次性去除要细化的点.

细化基本思想是'层层剥夺',即从线条边缘开始一层一层向里剥夺,直到线条剩下一个象素的为止.
进行细化算法前要先对图像进行2值化,即图像中直包含'黑'和'白'2中颜色.

细化算法:
在微观上取检测点的8个临域(由于是并行细化,有些模板要扩展为12临域),如下
xxx
xox
xxx
其中o为检测点x为其相邻点
以下用1代表黑色点,用0代表白色点,用x代表任意颜色的点,要剥夺(删除)的点应满足一下8个模板中的一个.
模板a(向右扩大)
0x1x
0111
0x1x
模板b(向右扩大)
00xx
0111
x11x
模板c(向右扩大)
x11x
0111
00xx
模板d
111
x1x
000
模板e
1x0
110
1x0
模板f
x00
110
x1x
模板g
x1x
110
x00
模板h(向下扩大)
000
x1x
111
x1x

符合以上8个模板的点为要剥夺的点,因为符合这8个模板的点可以确认为线条边沿上的点.

而试事实上经过这8个模板并行细化后还有下面2种特殊的边沿点保留了下来,
特殊边沿点1
000
010
111
特殊边沿点2
001
011
001
造成这种2种特殊点的原因扩大后的模板a和扩大后的模板h,扩大的的本意是防止偶数列(行)的线条被完全消去(并行细化并然的).
解决方法是在并行细化后再进行一次串行细化,选取缩小后的模板a和模板h
模板a(缩小后)
0x1
011
0x1
模板h(缩小后)
000
x1x
111
其中缩小后的模板a解决了特殊情况1,缩小后的模板h解决了特殊情况2,注意这次是串行细化了.一下根据这个原理用C++Builder6.0实现,关键代码如下.

//--------------------------------BCB6 代码
#include <vcl.h>
#pragma hdrstop
#include<stdio.h>
#include "Unit1.h"

#include"File1.h"
#include<math.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<vector>

#pragma pack(1)
using namespace std;

/*
        程序：图像细化
        作者:sboom(Lingch)
        日期:05年1月18日
*/
//BMP文件头

struct BITMAPFILEHEADER_
{
 short type;
        int bfSize;
 short re1,re2;
        int Offbits;
};
//BMP信息头
struct BITMAPINFO_
{
 long size;
 long width,height;
 short planes,bitCount;
 long comp,sizeImg;
 long xpels,ypels;
 long used,important;
};

//------将BMP彩色表的数据校正到BCB 的TColor的数据。
TColor* SwitchColor(unsigned char r,unsigned char g,unsigned char b)
{
        TColor *re=new TColor;
        *re=(r  | g<<8 | b<<16 );
        *re=*re & 0x00ffffff;
        return re;
}


void xxx()
{
        FILE *f=fopen("f:\\1.bmp","rb");
        if(f==NULL)             /*判断文件是否打开成功*/
        {
             ShowMessage("File open error");
             return;
        }

        fseek(f,0,0);//移动到开头

        //----------读BMP文件头
        BITMAPFILEHEADER_ *bmph=new BITMAPFILEHEADER_();
        if(fread((char*)bmph,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER_),1,f)==NULL)
        {
              ShowMessage("File read error");
             return;
        }

        //-----------读BMP信息头
        BITMAPINFO_ *bmpi=new BITMAPINFO_();
        if(fread((char*)bmpi,sizeof(BITMAPINFO_),1,f)==NULL)
        {
                ShowMessage("File read error2");
                return;
        }
        fseek(f,bmph->Offbits,0);
        //----------显示一些信息
        Form1->Edit1->Text=IntToStr(bmph->bfSize);
        Form1->Edit2->Text=IntToStr(bmpi->width);
        Form1->Edit3->Text=IntToStr(bmpi->height);
        Form1->Edit4->Text=IntToStr(bmpi->comp);
        Form1->Edit5->Text=IntToStr(bmpi->used);

        int i,j,k,l,wc,pos;
        long N=bmph->bfSize- bmph->Offbits;//象素总数
        unsigned char *image=new unsigned char[N]; //位图矩阵

        fread(image,N,1,f);//读入位图矩阵

        int skip=0;            //BMP 文件4字节对齐
        if(bmpi->width%4==0)
                skip=0;
        else
                skip=4-bmpi->width%4;
        unsigned char color=0;
        TColor *tc;

       //!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
       //2值化
       for(i=0;i<N;i++)
       {
                if((unsigned char)image[i]<0xa0)
                        image[i]=(unsigned char)0;
                else
                        image[i]=(unsigned char)0xff;
       }

       //
       int flag=1;
       long x,b;
       unsigned char *om=new unsigned char[N]; //标记矩阵
       for(i=0;i<N;i++)          //初始化
                om[i]=0;

        while(flag==1) //flag=0时迭代结束
        {

        flag=0;
        for( i=2;i<bmpi->height-2;i++)
        {
                for(j=2;j<bmpi->width-2;j++)
                {
                        //模板a
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+2]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        //模板b
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+2]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }
                        //模板c
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+2]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        //模板d
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        //模板e
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        //模板f
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        //模板g
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }

                        //模板h
                        if(image[(i-2)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff)
                        {
                                om[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }
                }
        }
        for(i=0;i<N;i++)
        {
                if(om[i]==0xff)
                {
                        image[i]=0xff;
                }
        }

        }

 //-------------第二次串行细化
        for( i=2;i<bmpi->height-2;i++)
        {
                for(j=2;j<bmpi->width-2;j++)
                {
                        //缩小后的模板a
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0)
                        {
                                image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }
                        //缩小后的模板h
                        if(image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i-1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0
                        && image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-1]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j-0]==0xff
                        && image[(i+1)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j+1]==0xff)
                        {
                                image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j]=0xff;
                                flag=1;
                                continue;
                        }
                }
        }
        //----－－－－－－－－－--显示图形
        for( i=0;i<bmpi->height;i++)
        {
                for(j=0;j<bmpi->width;j++)
                {
                        //-----原始图形
                        color=image[(i)*(bmpi->width+skip)+j];
                        tc=SwitchColor(color,color,color);
                        Form1->Canvas->Pixels[10+j][400-i]=*tc;
                }
        }

        //----------关闭文件
        fclose(f);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
原图和细化效果图对比

细化是常用的图像预处理技术,目前也有很多图像细化算法,细化后能更好的分析图像,现在很多图像的特征提取,特征分析算法是基于细化后的图像的.