mqtt 是轻量级基于代理的发布/订阅的消息传输协议,设计思想是开放,简单,轻量级,且易于实现,这些优点使得他受用于任何环境
该协议的特点有:
使用发布/订阅消息的模式,提供一对多的消息发布,解除应用程序耦合
对负载内容屏蔽的消息传输
使用TCP/IO 提供的网络连接
有三种消息发布服务质量:
"至多一次",消息发布完全依赖底层TCP/IP 网络,会发生消息丢失或者重复,这一级别可用于如下情况,环境,传感器数据,丢失一次度记录无所谓,因为不久之后会有第二次发送
"至少一次" 确保消息到达,但消息重复可能发生
“只有一次",确保消息到达一次,这一级别可用于如下情况,在计费系统中,消息重复或者丢失导致不正确的结果
小型传输,开销很小(固定床都的头部是2个字节),协议变换最小化,以降低网络流量
使用Last will和Testament 特性通知有关客户端异常中断的机制
1:配置环境
2:服务器端程序
package com.example;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttDeliveryToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttPersistenceException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttTopic;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
/**
* Description
* 服务器向多个客户端推送主题,即不同客户端可向服务器订阅相同主题
* Company Beijing
* author youxuan E-mail:xuanyouwu@163.com
* date createTime:16/7/13
* version
*/
public class Server {
public static final String HOST = "tcp://101.200.133.189:1883";
public static final String TOPIC = "toclient/124";
public static final String TOPIC125 = "toclient/125";
private static final String clientid = "server";
private MqttClient client;
private MqttTopic topic;
private MqttTopic topic125;
private String userName = "admin";
private String passWord = "password";
private MqttMessage message;
public Server() throws MqttException {
// MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存
client = new MqttClient(HOST, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
connect();
}
private void connect() {
MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
options.setCleanSession(false);
options.setUserName(userName);
options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());
// 设置超时时间
options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
// 设置会话心跳时间
options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
try {
client.setCallback(new PushCallback());
client.connect(options);
topic = client.getTopic(TOPIC);
topic125 = client.getTopic(TOPIC125);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void publish(MqttTopic topic, MqttMessage message) throws MqttPersistenceException,
MqttException {
MqttDeliveryToken token = topic.publish(message);
token.waitForCompletion();
System.out.println("message is published completely! "
+ token.isComplete());
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException {
Server server = new Server();
server.message = new MqttMessage();
server.message.setQos(2);
server.message.setRetained(true);
server.message.setPayload("给客户端124推送的信息:wuyouxuan".getBytes());
server.publish(server.topic, server.message);
server.message = new MqttMessage();
server.message.setQos(2);
server.message.setRetained(true);
server.message.setPayload("给客户端125推送的信息:wuyouxuan".getBytes());
server.publish(server.topic125, server.message);
System.out.println(server.message.isRetained() + "------ratained状态");
}
}
回调监听
package com.example;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
/**
* 发布消息的回调类
*
* 必须实现MqttCallback的接口并实现对应的相关接口方法CallBack 类将实现 MqttCallBack。
* 每个客户机标识都需要一个回调实例。在此示例中,构造函数传递客户机标识以另存为实例数据。
* 在回调中,将它用来标识已经启动了该回调的哪个实例。
* 必须在回调类中实现三个方法:
*
* public void messageArrived(MqttTopic topic, MqttMessage message)接收已经预订的发布。
*
* public void connectionLost(Throwable cause)在断开连接时调用。
*
* public void deliveryComplete(MqttDeliveryToken token))
* 接收到已经发布的 QoS 1 或 QoS 2 消息的传递令牌时调用。
* 由 MqttClient.connect 激活此回调。
*
*/
public class PushCallback implements MqttCallback {
public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
// 连接丢失后,一般在这里面进行重连
System.out.println("连接断开,可以做重连");
}
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------" + token.isComplete());
}
public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
// subscribe后得到的消息会执行到这里面
System.out.println("接收消息主题 : " + topic);
System.out.println("接收消息Qos : " + message.getQos());
System.out.println("接收消息内容 : " + new String(message.getPayload()));
}
}
package com.example;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttTopic;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
/**
* Description
* 客户端程序
* Company Beijing
* author youxuan E-mail:xuanyouwu@163.com
* date createTime:16/7/13
* version
*/
public class Client {
public static final String HOST = "tcp://101.200.133.189:1883";
public static final String TOPIC = "toclient/124";
private static final String clientid = "client124";
private MqttClient client;
private MqttConnectOptions options;
private String userName = "admin";
private String passWord = "password";
private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
private void start() {
try {
// host为主机名,clientid即连接MQTT的客户端ID,一般以唯一标识符表示,MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存
client = new MqttClient(HOST, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
// MQTT的连接设置
options = new MqttConnectOptions();
// 设置是否清空session,这里如果设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录,这里设置为true表示每次连接到服务器都以新的身份连接
options.setCleanSession(true);
// 设置连接的用户名
options.setUserName(userName);
// 设置连接的密码
options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());
// 设置超时时间 单位为秒
options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
// 设置会话心跳时间 单位为秒 服务器会每隔1.5*20秒的时间向客户端发送个消息判断客户端是否在线,但这个方法并没有重连的机制
options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
// 设置回调
client.setCallback(new PushCallback());
MqttTopic topic = client.getTopic(TOPIC);
//setWill方法,如果项目中需要知道客户端是否掉线可以调用该方法。设置最终端口的通知消息
options.setWill(topic, "close".getBytes(), 2, true);
client.connect(options);
//订阅消息
int[] Qos = {1};
String[] topic1 = {TOPIC};
client.subscribe(topic1, Qos);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException {
Client client = new Client();
client.start();
}
}
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002809450#articleHeader0
github 开源项目 https://github.com/fusesource/mqtt-client
运行效果: