1.创建一个JPA工程
首先,创建一个JPA工程(若不知道JPA创建或出现at least one user library must be selected等错误,请参考http://blog.csdn.net/baidu_37107022/article/details/76554393)
jar包说明
2.创建实体类
有关实体类中相关注解的说明
* @Table 标注类对应的表
* 若表名和类型相同时,省略@Table,比如类Users 和表 users;
* 若不相同时,必须有@Table,并设置name,为该类对应的表名。@Table(name="users")
*
* @Entity 标注实体
*
* @Id 标注id
*
* @Transient 标注该属性不做与表的映射(原因:可能表中没有该属性对应的字段)
* 有该注解,在执行sql语句时,就不会出现该属性,否则会有,若表中没有该字段则会报错
*
* @Basic 默认所有属性都有该注解(主键需要单独使用@Id),所以可以省略
* 该注解可以放在属性上,也可以放在对应的getter方法上。
* 注意:要么统一将@Basic放在属性上,要么统一放在对应的getter方法上。(一般都放在属性上,可读性比较好)
*
* @Column 类中属性名和表中对应字段名不相同时,会使用该注解,指明在类中对应的字段
* @Column(name="对应的表中字段名")
构建实体类Users
import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Transient;
/**
* @Table 标注类对应的表
* 若表名和类型相同时,省略@Table,比如类Users 和表 users;
* 若不相同时,必须有@Table,并设置name,为该类对应的表名。@Table(name="users")
*
* @Entity 标注实体
*
* @Id 标注id
*
* @Transient 标注该属性不做与表的映射(原因:可能表中没有该属性对应的字段)
* 有该注解,在执行sql语句时,就不会出现该属性,否则会有,若表中没有该字段则会报错
*
* @Basic 默认所有属性都有该注解(主键需要单独使用@Id),所以可以省略
* 该注解可以放在属性上,也可以放在对应的getter方法上。
* 注意:要么统一将@Basic放在属性上,要么统一放在对应的getter方法上。(一般都放在属性上,可读性比较好)
*
* @Column 类中属性名和表中对应字段名不相同时,会使用该注解,指明在类中对应的字段
* @Column(name="对应的表中字段名")
*
*/
@Table(name="users")
@Entity
public class Users {
//标注id
@Id
private String uid;
@Basic
@Column(name="uname")
private String uname;
@Basic
private int age;
@Transient
private String remark;//备注
public String getRemark() {
return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
this.remark = remark;
}
public String getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(String uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Users [uid=" + uid + ", uname=" + uname + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
public Users(String uid, String uname, int age) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.uname = uname;
this.age = age;
}
public Users() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
3.JPA的配置文件persistence.xml的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="JPA" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<!-- 配置jpa ORM产品 -->
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<!-- 添加对应的持久化类 -->
<class>com.java.bean.Users</class>
<properties>
<!-- jpa中连接数据库 -->
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" />
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="123"></property>
<!-- jpa中配置hibernate基本属性 -->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
4.测试增删改查CRUD
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import com.java.utils.JPAUtils;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class TestUsers extends TestCase {
// 插入数据 persist 相当于hibernate save方法
public void testInsert() {
// 1.获得Factory
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPA");
// 2.获取Manager
EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
// 3.获得事务,并开启uiwu
EntityTransaction transaction = manager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
// 4.执行sql
Users users = new Users("1", "小明", 18);
manager.persist(users);
// 5.提交事务,关闭资源
transaction.commit();
manager.close();
factory.close();
}
/**
* 创建EntityManagerFactory的第二种方式 可以将如下配置放在创建factory是进行配置,使用map
* <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" /> <property name=
* "hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
*
* 当配置文件中和创建factory时有同一配置时,会按照创建的factory中的设置执行
*/
public void testInsert2() {
// 1.获得Factory
Map properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
properties.put("hibernate.format_sql", "false");
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPA", properties);
// 2.获取Manager
EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
// 3.获得事务,并开启uiwu
EntityTransaction transaction = manager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
// 4.执行sql
Users users = new Users("2", "小明2", 18);
manager.persist(users);
// 5.提交事务,关闭资源
transaction.commit();
manager.close();
factory.close();
}
// 根据id查询 find 相当于hibernate get方法
public void testFind() {
// 1.获得Factory
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPA");
// 2.获取Manager
EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
// 3.获得事务,并开启事务
EntityTransaction transaction = manager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
// 4.执行sql
Users users = manager.find(Users.class, "1");
System.out.println(users);
// 5.提交事务,关闭资源
transaction.commit();
manager.close();
factory.close();
}
// 根据id查询 getReference 相当于hibernate load方法
// find和getReference的区别----与hibernate中get和load的区别一样---懒加载--id没有对应值时报异常
public void testGet() {
// 1.获得Factory
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPA");
// 2.获取Manager
EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
// 3.获得事务,并开启事务
EntityTransaction transaction = manager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
// 4.执行sql
Users users=manager.getReference(Users.class, "1");
System.out.println(users);
// 5.提交事务,关闭资源
transaction.commit();
manager.close();
factory.close();
}
// 修改数据
public void testUpdate() {
// 1.获得Factory
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPA");
// 2.获取Manager
EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
// 3.获得事务,并开启事务
EntityTransaction transaction = manager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
// 4.执行sql
Users users=manager.find(Users.class, "1");
users.setUname("哈哈哈1");
// 5.提交事务,关闭资源
transaction.commit();
manager.close();
factory.close();
}
// 删除数据 remove 相当于hibernate delete方法
// remove方法只能移除执久化对象,不能删除游离对象
public void testRemove() {
// 1.获得Factory
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPA");
// 2.获取Manager
EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();
// 3.获得事务,并开启事务
EntityTransaction transaction = manager.getTransaction();
transaction.begin();
// 4.执行sql
Users users=manager.find(Users.class, "2"); manager.remove(users);
// 5.提交事务,关闭资源
transaction.commit();
manager.close();
factory.close();
}
}