场景:
进程A向消息队列写消息,而进程B则从消息队列读消息。
消息队列和之前的管道不同,消息队列是相对独立于进程的,它不需要进程自己来提供同步方法。消息队列里面有消息就可以读。
读取消息实例:msg_rcv.c
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/ipc.h>
- #include <sys/msg.h>
- struct my_msg_st {
- long int my_msg_type;
- char some_text[BUFSIZ];
- };
- int main(int argc,char **argv)
- {
- int running = 1;
- int msgid;
- struct my_msg_st some_data;
- long int msg_to_receive = 0;
- msgid = msgget((key_t)1234,0666 | IPC_CREAT);
- if(msgid == -1){
- fprintf(stderr,"Msgget failed!\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- while(running){
- if(msgrcv(msgid,(void *)&some_data,BUFSIZ,msg_to_receive,0) == -1){
- fprintf(stderr,"Msgrcv failed!\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- printf("You wrote: %s",some_data.some_text);
- if(strncmp(some_data.some_text,"end",3) == 0){
- running = 0;
- }
- }
- if(msgctl(msgid,IPC_RMID,0) == -1){
- fprintf(stderr,"Msgctl failed!\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- exit(0);
- }
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
struct my_msg_st {
long int my_msg_type;
char some_text[BUFSIZ];
};
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int running = 1;
int msgid;
struct my_msg_st some_data;
long int msg_to_receive = 0;
msgid = msgget((key_t)1234,0666 | IPC_CREAT);
if(msgid == -1){
fprintf(stderr,"Msgget failed!\n");
exit(-1);
}
while(running){
if(msgrcv(msgid,(void *)&some_data,BUFSIZ,msg_to_receive,0) == -1){
fprintf(stderr,"Msgrcv failed!\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("You wrote: %s",some_data.some_text);
if(strncmp(some_data.some_text,"end",3) == 0){
running = 0;
}
}
if(msgctl(msgid,IPC_RMID,0) == -1){
fprintf(stderr,"Msgctl failed!\n");
exit(-1);
}
exit(0);
}
写入消息队列应用:msg_snd.c
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/ipc.h>
- #include <sys/msg.h>
- #define MAX_TEXT 256
- struct my_msg_st {
- long int my_msg_type;
- char some_text[BUFSIZ];
- };
- int main(int argc,char **argv)
- {
- int running = 1;
- int msgid;
- struct my_msg_st some_data;
- char buffer[BUFSIZ];
- msgid = msgget((key_t)1234,0666 | IPC_CREAT);
- if(msgid == -1){
- fprintf(stderr,"Msgget failed!\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- while(running){
- printf("Enter Some Text: ");
- fgets(buffer,BUFSIZ,stdin);
- some_data.my_msg_type = 1;
- strcpy(some_data.some_text,buffer);
- if(msgsnd(msgid,(void *)&some_data,MAX_TEXT,0) == -1){
- fprintf(stderr,"Msgsnd failed!\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- if(strncmp(some_data.some_text,"end",3) == 0){
- running = 0;
- }
- }
- exit(0);
- }
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#define MAX_TEXT 256
struct my_msg_st {
long int my_msg_type;
char some_text[BUFSIZ];
};
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int running = 1;
int msgid;
struct my_msg_st some_data;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
msgid = msgget((key_t)1234,0666 | IPC_CREAT);
if(msgid == -1){
fprintf(stderr,"Msgget failed!\n");
exit(-1);
}
while(running){
printf("Enter Some Text: ");
fgets(buffer,BUFSIZ,stdin);
some_data.my_msg_type = 1;
strcpy(some_data.some_text,buffer);
if(msgsnd(msgid,(void *)&some_data,MAX_TEXT,0) == -1){
fprintf(stderr,"Msgsnd failed!\n");
exit(-1);
}
if(strncmp(some_data.some_text,"end",3) == 0){
running = 0;
}
}
exit(0);
}
注意,这个程序的验证并不需要两个进程同时运行。
首先运行snd进程,写入几条消息。
然后启动rcv进程,读取消息并显示,最后删除消息队列文件。
备注:查看系统进程的IPC资源命令
# ipcs //查看ipc资源
# ipcrm //删除ipc资源