引言: Hive是一种强大的数据仓库查询语言,类似SQL,本文将介绍如何搭建Hive的开发测试环境。
1. 什么是Hive?
hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具,可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张数据库表,并提供简单的sql查询功能,可以将sql语句转换为MapReduce任务进行运行。 其优点是学习成本低,可以通过类SQL语句快速实现简单的MapReduce统计,不必开发专门的MapReduce应用,十分适合数据仓库的统计分析。
2. 按照Hive的准备条件
2.1 Hadoop集群环境已经安装完毕
2.2 本文使用Ubuntu做为开发环境(14.04)
3. 安装步骤
3.1 下载Hive包:apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz
3.2 将其解压到/opt目录下
tar xzvf apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz
3.3 设置环境变量
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/apache-hive-0.13
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
3.4. 修改hive-env.xml,复制hive-env.xml.template.
# Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory
HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-1.2.1
# Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/apache-hive-0.13/conf
3.5 修改 hive-site.xml, 主要修改数据库的连接信息. <property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://127.0.0.1:9083</value>
<description>Thrift URI for the remote metastore. Used by metastore client to connect to remote metastore.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://BladeStone-Laptop:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>123456</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
3.6 安装mysql数据库
(Ubuntu
系统
)
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
3.7 创建 mysql 用户 hive
3.8 在mysql中创建hive数据库
mysql-connector-java-5.1.31-bin.jar
3.10 启动 Hive
3.11 在Hive中创建表
3.12 登录mysql,访问hive数据库
3.13 删除Hive中的表
3.14 登录mysql,查询TBLS中的数据
4. 总结
通过以上的步骤,我们完整的安装了一个Hive,并通过添加和删除一张数据库表的演示,来展示了Hive和Mysql元数据库之间的关系操作。
5. 常见问题
5.1 直接通过hive命令来启动,则会出现一下错误信息:
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/apache-hive-0.13/lib/hive-common-0.13.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:346)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:625)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:160)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1412)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:62)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:72)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:2453)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:2465)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:340)
... 7 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1410)
... 12 more
Caused by: MetaException(message:Could not connect to meta store using any of the URIs provided. Most recent failure: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:185)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.open(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:336)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:214)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1410)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:62)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:72)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:2453)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:2465)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:340)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:625)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:160)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:345)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589)
at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:180)
... 19 more
)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.open(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:382)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:214)
... 17 more
解决办法: hive --service metastore , 用这条命令来启动hive。
5.2 配置 hive.metastore.uris
a.不启动metastore和hiveserver服务
直接命令行hive进入hive shell环境,然后执行show databases 报错如下:
ERROR ql.Driver: FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
b.第二种种情况
1.配置 hive.metastore.uris
2.启动metastore服务 hive --service metastore
然后直接命令行hive进入hive shell环境,然后执行show databases
c:第三种情况
1.注释配置项 hive.metastore.uris
2.不启动metastore服务
然后直接命令行hive进入hive shell环境,然后执行show databases