转载自:http://rainy0415.blog.163.com/blog/static/16851166201010176822654/
如果对MFC有点了解,可以近似的把Qt的信号(signal)和事件(event)对应于MFC的命令(command)和消息(message) ,事件是窗口系统或者qt对不同情况的响应,绝大多数被产生的事件都是对用户行为的响应,但是也有一些,比如定时器事件,它们是被系统独立产生的。
QWidget::event()虚函数是各种事件的一个大管家,负责把大多数常用类型的事件传递给特定的事件处理器(事件处理函数,也都是虚拟函数,便于其继承子类对于该事件处理的编程),可以分析一下事件总管QWidget::event()虚函数的部分源码(完整源码在C:/Qt/4.2.2/src/gui/kernel/qwidget.cpp中qwidget::event()函数的定义):
QEvent类实现对事件的封装。The QEvent class is the base class of all event classes. Event objects contain event parameters.
bool QWidget::event(QEvent *event)
{
Q_D(QWidget);
// ignore mouse events when disabled
if (!isEnabled())
{
switch(event->type())
{
case QEvent::TabletPress:
case QEvent::TabletRelease:
case QEvent::TabletMove:
case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:
case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:
case QEvent::MouseButtonDblClick:
case QEvent::MouseMove:
case QEvent::ContextMenu:
#ifndef QT_NO_WHEELEVENT
case QEvent::Wheel:
#endif
return false;
default:
break;
}
}
switch (event->type()) //判断事件类型
{
case QEvent::MouseMove:
mouseMoveEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
//将鼠标移动类型的事件分派给mouseMoveEvent函数处理
break;
case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:
// Don't reset input context here. Whether reset or not is
// a responsibility of input method. reset() will be
// called by mouseHandler() of input method if necessary
// via mousePressEvent() of text widgets.
#if 0
resetInputContext();
#endif
mousePressEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
break;
case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:
mouseReleaseEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
break;
case QEvent::MouseButtonDblClick:
mouseDoubleClickEvent((QMouseEvent*)event);
break;
#ifndef QT_NO_WHEELEVENT
case QEvent::Wheel:
wheelEvent((QWheelEvent*)event);
break;
#endif
……
……
然后在需要处理该事件的QWidget派生类中重写响应的事件处理函数(覆盖默认的虚函数,如event,keyPressEvent等函数)来完成在该派生类对象中对该事件的响应。
关于对事件过滤器的编程,一般分两步:
1、通过对目标对象(被监视对象)调用installEventFilter()函数来注册监视对象;
2、在监视对象的eventFilter函数中处理目标对象的事件。(可以认为监视对象拦截了目标对象的事件)
下面用代码来说明事件处理处理和事件过滤:
//newlineedit.h
#ifndef NEWLINEEDIT_H
#define NEWLINEEDIT_H
#include <QLineEdit>
#include "ui_newlineedit.h"
class newLineEdit : public QLineEdit
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
newLineEdit(QWidget *parent = 0);
~newLineEdit();
bool event(QEvent *event); //重写event虚函数来处理特定的事件
private:
Ui::newLineEditClass ui;
};
#endif // NEWLINEEDIT_H
//www.h
#ifndef WWW_H
#define WWW_H
#include <QtGui/QMainWindow>
#include "ui_www.h"
class www : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
www(QWidget *parent = 0, Qt::WFlags flags = 0);
~www();
bool eventFilter(QObject *target, QEvent *event); //重写eventFilter虚函数来拦截特定的事件
private:
Ui::wwwClass ui;
};
#endif // WWW_H
//newlineedit.cpp
#include "newlineedit.h"
#include <QKeyEvent>
newLineEdit::newLineEdit(QWidget *parent)
: QLineEdit(parent)
{
ui.setupUi(this);
}
bool newLineEdit::event(QEvent *event)
{
if (event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress)
{
QKeyEvent *keyEvent = (QKeyEvent *)event;
if (keyEvent->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) //判断特定的事件,作出自定义的处理
{
insert("/t");
return true;
}
}
return QWidget::event(event); //将不需要特定处理的事件交给默认的基类event()函数处理
}
newLineEdit::~newLineEdit()
{
}
//www.cpp
#include "www.h"
#include <QKeyEvent>
www::www(QWidget *parent, Qt::WFlags flags)
: QMainWindow(parent, flags)
{
ui.setupUi(this);
ui.lineEdit->installEventFilter(this); //注册this监视ui.lineEdit对象,this拦截ui.lineEdit的某些事件
bool www::eventFilter(QObject *target, QEvent *event)
{
if (target == ui.lineEdit &&
event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress &&
((QKeyEvent *)event)->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) //判断监视拦截条件是否满足,如是,则拦截该事件
{
ui.lineEdit->insert(tr("filter completed!"));
return true;
}
return QMainWindow::eventFilter(target, event);
}
www::~www()
{
}
然后我们再来分析一下QObject::installEventFilter函数的源码,看其是如何实现过滤功能的:
void QObject::installEventFilter(QObject *obj)
{
Q_D(QObject);
if (!obj)
return;
QWriteLocker locker(QObjectPrivate::readWriteLock());
// clean up unused items in the list
d->eventFilters.removeAll((QObject*)0);
d->eventFilters.removeAll(obj);
d->eventFilters.prepend(obj);
}
二、QT中截取按键Tab的事件并添加自己的处理代码
在Qt中,可以使用 void QWidget::keyPressEvent ( QKeyEvent * k )来进行键盘响应,例如:
void Form1::keyPressEvent( QKeyEvent *k )
{
if(k->key() == Key_A)
{
this->focusNextPrevChild(FALSE);//按A时焦点切换至上一部件
}
else if(k->key() == Key_D)
{
this->focusNextPrevChild(TRUE);//按D时焦点切换至下一部件
}
else if(k->key() == Key_W)
{
if(k->state() == Qt::ShiftButton)
{
this->resize(100,100);//当按下Shift+W时改变窗口大小
}
}
}
但是,有一些特殊的按键比如说Tab键,如果在keyPressEvent中实现则是不能成功的,因为默认Tab事件(切换焦点)被先捕获了,默认Tab和Shift+Tab事件定义在qwidget.h中,代码为:
case QEvent::KeyPress:
{
QKeyEvent *k = (QKeyEvent *)e;
bool res = FALSE;
if ( k->key() == Key_Backtab ||
(k->key() == Key_Tab &&
(k->state() & ShiftButton)) )
{
QFocusEvent::setReason( QFocusEvent::Tab );
res = focusNextPrevChild( FALSE );
QFocusEvent::resetReason();
}
else if ( k->key() == Key_Tab )
{
QFocusEvent::setReason( QFocusEvent::Tab );
res = focusNextPrevChild( TRUE );
QFocusEvent::resetReason();
}
}
所以我们要在之前就实现我们自己的Tab事件.实现代码如下:
bool MyWidget::event(QEvent *event)
{
if (event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress) {
QKeyEvent *ke = static_cast<QKeyEvent *>(event);
if (ke->key() == Qt::Key_Tab) {
// special tab handling here
return true;
}
} else if (event->type() == MyCustomEventType) {
MyCustomEvent *myEvent = static_cast<MyCustomEvent *>(event);
// custom event handling here
return true;
}
return QWidget::event(event);
}
附:Key press and release events are treated differently from other events. event() checks for Tab and Shift+Tab and tries to move the focus appropriately. If there is no widget to move the focus to (or the key press is not Tab or Shift+Tab), event() calls keyPressEvent().
由以上的qt参考文档可以看出,对事件的处理总是先从QWidget::event()函数开始,所以如果要处理tab消息,就需要在子类中重写虚拟函数event(),然后静态调用缺省的QWIdGet::event()函数,完成默认的对其他事件的分派。