最近想学习一下后台开发, 那么就从目前互联网流行的SpringMVC、Hibernate框架开始。
在搭建服务器之前,先看看这篇博客 深入理解SpringMVC思想。
前置条件: 安装IntelliJ, JDK1.8, 下载tomcat。(PS:如果用hibernate还要安装MySQL)
创建项目:File---New Project---Maven,勾选“Create from archetype”后选中“...maven-archetype-webapp”后点击next。
设置项目名称和工程存放目录。
配置pom.xml导入依赖包:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.brycegao</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.3.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
›››
<!--项目依赖 -->
<dependencies>
<!--日志包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<!--j2ee相关包 servlet、jsp、jstl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql驱动包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.35</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加Hibernate依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>3.6.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javassist/javassist -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.12.1.GA</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring相关包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--其他需要的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--jackson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入dbcp的jar包,用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>maven-springmvc</finalName>
<resources>
<!--表示把java目录下的有关xml文件,properties文件编译/打包的时候放在resource目录下-->
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.3.10.v20160621</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
点击右下角的“import Changes"或者右键项目->Maven-Reimport。
import成功后在工程里可以看出一堆的Maven!
配置SpringMVC代码和资源目录:
先在main目录下创建一个java文件夹, 里面放java文件。 打开 File--->Project Structure--->Modules, 选中java并设置Sources。
选中resources目录并设置Resources。
配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<!--welcome pages-->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!--配置springmvc DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> <!-- 还可以是/*.do -->
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
创建一个名为spring-mvc.xml的文件
编写Controller和数据实体类。
配置运行环境: 点击菜单 Run ---> Edit Configurations...后点击+
选中tomcat server---local
填写名称并选择选择Application Server的版本。
设置Deployment,即运行时上传到tomcat的文件。
运行tomcat, 在浏览器输出 http://localhost:8080/demo/user , 可以看到SpringMVC会自动序列化对象(必须要写set/get方法),这就是最简单的接口!!!
在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8080/demo/transfer?name=%22brycegao%22&age=20(PS: 这更趋近于互联网app的请求, 即请求中携带参数)
因为在函数参数中添加了@RequestParam注解, 那么该http请求中就必须携带该参数, 否则会提示400 Bad Request, 这是后台接口开发中常用的参数判断方法, 即不传对参数就找不到处理函数。
public DemoEntity getResp(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name,
@RequestParam(value = "age") int age)
例如在浏览器地址栏输入 http://localhost:8080/demo/transfer?name=%22brycegao%22 , 会提示400 Bad Request。
好了, 我们已经开发出最简单的接口了, 如果再加上hibernate就可以实现数据持久化了。 这只能算是hello world级别的服务器开发, 后续还有阿里的Dubbo服务需要学习。
示例代码: http://download.csdn.net/detail/brycegao321/9921050