装饰模式(Decorator)

1.    定义

     动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责,就增加功能来说,装饰模式比生成子类更灵活。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Decorator pattern -- Structural example

using System;

 

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.Structural

{

  /// <summary>

  /// MainApp startup class for Structural

  /// Decorator Design Pattern.

  /// </summary>

  class MainApp

  {

    /// <summary>

    /// Entry point into console application.

    /// </summary>

    static void Main()

    {

      // Create ConcreteComponent and two Decorators

      ConcreteComponent c = new ConcreteComponent();

      ConcreteDecoratorA d1 = new ConcreteDecoratorA();

      ConcreteDecoratorB d2 = new ConcreteDecoratorB();

 

      // Link decorators

      d1.SetComponent(c);

      d2.SetComponent(d1);

 

      d2.Operation();

 

      // Wait for user

      Console.ReadKey();

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Component' abstract class

  /// </summary>

  abstract class Component

  {

    public abstract void Operation();

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class

  /// </summary>

  class ConcreteComponent : Component

  {

    public override void Operation()

    {

      Console.WriteLine("ConcreteComponent.Operation()");

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Decorator' abstract class

  /// </summary>

  abstract class Decorator : Component

  {

    protected Component component;

 

    public void SetComponent(Component component)

    {

      this.component = component;

    }

 

    public override void Operation()

    {

      if (component != null)

      {

        component.Operation();

      }

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'ConcreteDecoratorA' class

  /// </summary>

  class ConcreteDecoratorA : Decorator

  {

    public override void Operation()

    {

      base.Operation();

      Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation()");

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'ConcreteDecoratorB' class

  /// </summary>

  class ConcreteDecoratorB : Decorator

  {

    public override void Operation()

    {

      base.Operation();

      AddedBehavior();

      Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()");

    }

 

    void AddedBehavior()

    {

    }

  }

}


Output
ConcreteComponent.Operation()
ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation()
ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()

4.      实例代码

// Decorator pattern -- Real World example

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

 

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.RealWorld

{

  /// <summary>

  /// MainApp startup class for Real-World

  /// Decorator Design Pattern.

  /// </summary>

  class MainApp

  {

    /// <summary>

    /// Entry point into console application.

    /// </summary>

    static void Main()

    {

      // Create book

      Book book = new Book("Worley", "Inside ASP.NET", 10);

      book.Display();

 

      // Create video

      Video video = new Video("Spielberg", "Jaws", 23, 92);

      video.Display();

 

      // Make video borrowable, then borrow and display

      Console.WriteLine("\nMaking video borrowable:");

 

      Borrowable borrowvideo = new Borrowable(video);

      borrowvideo.BorrowItem("Customer #1");

      borrowvideo.BorrowItem("Customer #2");

 

      borrowvideo.Display();

 

      // Wait for user

      Console.ReadKey();

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Component' abstract class

  /// </summary>

  abstract class LibraryItem

  {

    private int _numCopies;

 

    // Property

    public int NumCopies

    {

      get { return _numCopies; }

      set { _numCopies = value; }

    }

 

    public abstract void Display();

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class

  /// </summary>

  class Book : LibraryItem

  {

    private string _author;

    private string _title;

 

    // Constructor

    public Book(string author, string title, int numCopies)

    {

      this._author = author;

      this._title = title;

      this.NumCopies = numCopies;

    }

 

    public override void Display()

    {

      Console.WriteLine("\nBook ------ ");

      Console.WriteLine(" Author: {0}", _author);

      Console.WriteLine(" Title: {0}", _title);

      Console.WriteLine(" # Copies: {0}", NumCopies);

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'ConcreteComponent' class

  /// </summary>

  class Video : LibraryItem

  {

    private string _director;

    private string _title;

    private int _playTime;

 

    // Constructor

    public Video(string director, string title,

      int numCopies, int playTime)

    {

      this._director = director;

      this._title = title;

      this.NumCopies = numCopies;

      this._playTime = playTime;

    }

 

    public override void Display()

    {

      Console.WriteLine("\nVideo ----- ");

      Console.WriteLine(" Director: {0}", _director);

      Console.WriteLine(" Title: {0}", _title);

      Console.WriteLine(" # Copies: {0}", NumCopies);

      Console.WriteLine(" Playtime: {0}\n", _playTime);

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Decorator' abstract class

  /// </summary>

  abstract class Decorator : LibraryItem

  {

    protected LibraryItem libraryItem;

 

    // Constructor

    public Decorator(LibraryItem libraryItem)

    {

      this.libraryItem = libraryItem;

    }

 

    public override void Display()

    {

      libraryItem.Display();

    }

  }

 

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'ConcreteDecorator' class

  /// </summary>

  class Borrowable : Decorator

  {

    protected List<string> borrowers = new List<string>();

 

    // Constructor

    public Borrowable(LibraryItem libraryItem)

      : base(libraryItem)

    {

    }

 

    public void BorrowItem(string name)

    {

      borrowers.Add(name);

      libraryItem.NumCopies--;

    }

 

    public void ReturnItem(string name)

    {

      borrowers.Remove(name);

      libraryItem.NumCopies++;

    }

 

    public override void Display()

    {

      base.Display();

 

      foreach (string borrower in borrowers)

      {

        Console.WriteLine(" borrower: " + borrower);

      }

    }

  }

}


Output
Book ------
Author: Worley
Title: Inside ASP.NET
# Copies: 10

Video -----
Director: Spielberg
Title: Jaws
# Copies: 23
Playtime: 92


Making video borrowable:

Video -----
Director: Spielberg
Title: Jaws
# Copies: 21
Playtime: 92

borrower: Customer #1
borrower: Customer #2

该文章来自:http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternDecorator.aspx


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