备忘录模式（Memento）

1.    定义

       在不破环封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Memento pattern -- Structural example

using System;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Memento.Structural {   ///<summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Memento Design Pattern.   ///</summary>   classMainApp   {     ///<summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     ///</summary>     staticvoid Main()     {       Originator o =new Originator();       o.State = "On";         // Store internal state       Caretaker c =new Caretaker();       c.Memento = o.CreateMemento();         // Continue changing originator       o.State = "Off";         // Restore saved state       o.SetMemento(c.Memento);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Originator' class   ///</summary>   classOriginator   {     privatestring _state;       // Property     publicstring State     {       get {return _state; }       set       {         _state = value;         Console.WriteLine("State = " + _state);       }     }       // Creates memento     publicMemento CreateMemento()     {       return (newMemento(_state));     }       // Restores original state     publicvoid SetMemento(Memento memento)     {       Console.WriteLine("Restoring state...");       State = memento.State;     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Memento' class   ///</summary>   classMemento   {     privatestring _state;       // Constructor     public Memento(string state)     {       this._state = state;     }       // Gets or sets state     publicstring State     {       get {return _state; }     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Caretaker' class   ///</summary>   classCaretaker   {     privateMemento _memento;       // Gets or sets memento     publicMemento Memento     {       set { _memento =value; }       get {return _memento; }     }   } }

Output State = On State = Off Restoring state: State = On

4.      实例代码

// Memento pattern -- Real World example

using System;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Memento.RealWorld {   ///<summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Memento Design Pattern.   ///</summary>   classMainApp   {     ///<summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     ///</summary>     staticvoid Main()     {       SalesProspect s =new SalesProspect();       s.Name = "Noel van Halen";       s.Phone = "(412) 256-0990";       s.Budget = 25000.0;         // Store internal state       ProspectMemory m =new ProspectMemory();       m.Memento = s.SaveMemento();         // Continue changing originator       s.Name = "Leo Welch";       s.Phone = "(310) 209-7111";       s.Budget = 1000000.0;         // Restore saved state       s.RestoreMemento(m.Memento);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Originator' class   ///</summary>   classSalesProspect   {     privatestring _name;     privatestring _phone;     privatedouble _budget;       // Gets or sets name     publicstring Name     {       get {return _name; }       set       {         _name = value;         Console.WriteLine("Name:  " + _name);       }     }       // Gets or sets phone     publicstring Phone     {       get {return _phone; }       set       {         _phone = value;         Console.WriteLine("Phone: " + _phone);       }     }       // Gets or sets budget     publicdouble Budget     {       get {return _budget; }       set       {         _budget = value;         Console.WriteLine("Budget: " + _budget);       }     }       // Stores memento     publicMemento SaveMemento()     {       Console.WriteLine("\nSaving state --\n");       returnnew Memento(_name, _phone, _budget);     }       // Restores memento     publicvoid RestoreMemento(Memento memento)     {       Console.WriteLine("\nRestoring state --\n");       this.Name = memento.Name;       this.Phone = memento.Phone;       this.Budget = memento.Budget;     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Memento' class   ///</summary>   classMemento   {     privatestring _name;     privatestring _phone;     privatedouble _budget;       // Constructor     public Memento(string name,string phone, double budget)     {       this._name = name;       this._phone = phone;       this._budget = budget;     }       // Gets or sets name     publicstring Name     {       get {return _name; }       set { _name =value; }     }       // Gets or set phone     publicstring Phone     {       get {return _phone; }       set { _phone =value; }     }       // Gets or sets budget     publicdouble Budget     {       get {return _budget; }       set { _budget =value; }     }   }     ///<summary>   /// The 'Caretaker' class   ///</summary>   classProspectMemory   {     privateMemento _memento;       // Property     publicMemento Memento     {       set { _memento =value; }       get {return _memento; }     }   } }

Output Name:   Noel van Halen Phone:  (412) 256-0990 Budget: 25000 Saving state -- Name:   Leo Welch Phone:  (310) 209-7111 Budget: 1000000 Restoring state -- Name:   Noel van Halen Phone:  (412) 256-0990 Budget: 25000

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternMemento.aspx