Listener的使用（监听用户请求，ServletRequest范围内属性的变化）

    ServletRequestListener用于监听用户请求的到达，实现该接口的监听器需要实现requestInitialized方法（用户请求到达，被初始化时触了该方法）和requestDestroyed方法（用户请求结束，被销毁时触发该方法）。

    ServletRequestAttributeListener用于监听ServletRequest范围内属性的变化，需要实现attributeAdded、attributeRemoved、attributeReplaced三个方法。

1. 实现Listener接口，RequestListener.java

package test;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class RequestListener implements ServletRequestListener , ServletRequestAttributeListener{
    //当用户请求到达、被初始化时触发该方法
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre){
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)sre.getServletRequest();
        System.out.println("----发向" + request.getRequestURI() + "请求被初始化----");    }
    //当用户请求结束、被销毁时触发该方法
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre){
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)sre.getServletRequest();
        System.out.println("----发向" + request.getRequestURI() + "请求被销毁----");
    }
    //当程序向request范围添加属性时触发该方法
    public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event){
        ServletRequest request = event.getServletRequest();
        //获取添加的属性名和属性值
        String name = event.getName();
        Object value = event.getValue();
        System.out.println(request + "范围内添加了名为" + name + "，值为" + value + "的属性!");
    }
    //当程序从request范围删除属性时触发该方法
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        ServletRequest request = event.getServletRequest();
        //获取被删除的属性名和属性值
        String name = event.getName();
        Object value = event.getValue();
        System.out.println(request + "范围内名为" + name + "，值为" + value + "的属性被删除了!");
    }
    //当request范围的属性被替换时触发该方法
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        ServletRequest request = event.getServletRequest();
        //获取被替换的属性名和属性值
        String name = event.getName();
        Object value = event.getValue();
        System.out.println(request + "范围内名为" + name + "，值为" + value + "的属性被替换了!");
    }
}

2. 测试Servlet，Test.java

package test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class Test extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setAttribute("user", "aaa");
        request.removeAttribute("user");
        request.setAttribute("user", "bbb");
    }
}
3. web.xml中Listener和Servlet配置

    <listener>
        <!-- 指定Listener的实现类 -->
        <listener-class>test.RequestListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>test.Test</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/Test</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>