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现在对android平台的wifi模块了解了一段时间,现在做一些简要总结,以便以后查阅和与修正,上正文。
【Wifi模块学习流程】
最近研究Wifi模块,查了不少的相关资料,但发现基本上是基于android2.0版本的的分析,而现在研发的android移动平台基本上都是2.3的版本,跟2.0版本的差别,在Wifi模块上也是显而易见的。2.3版本Wifi模块没有了WifiLayer,之前的WifiLayer主要负责一些复杂的Wifi功能,如AP选择等以提供给用户自定义,而新的版本里面的这块内容基本上被WifiSettings所代替
本文就是基于android2.3版本的Wifi分析,主要分为两部分来分别说明:
(a) Wifi的启动流程(有代码供参考分析)
(b) Wifi模块相关文件的解析
(c) Wpa_supplicant解析
【A】wifi的基本运行流程(针对代码而言)
首先给一张我网上down下来的图,针对2.3版本之前的,由于不怎么擅长画这些,大家也就将就点,只要能助理解就可以了
(一)初始化
a.流程
1.在SystemServer启动的时候会生成一个ConnectivityService的实例
2.ConnectivityService的构造函数会创建WifiService
3.WifiStateTracker会创建WifiMonitor接受来自底层的事件,WifiService和WifiMonitor是整个wifi模块的核心,WifiService负责启动和关闭wpa_supplicant,启动和关闭WifiMonitor监视线程和把命令下方给wpa_supplicant,而WifiMonitor则负责从wpa_supplicant接受事件通知
b.代码分析
要想使用Wifi模块,必须首先使能Wifi,当你第一次按下Wifi使能按钮时,WirelessSettings会实例化一个WifiEnabler对象,实例化代码如下:
packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/WirelessSettings.java
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
……
CheckBoxPreferencewifi = (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_WIFI);
mWifiEnabler= new WifiEnabler(this, wifi);
……
}
WifiEnabler类的定义大致如下,它实现了一个监听接口,当WifiEnabler对象被初始化后,它监听到你按键的动作,会调用响应函数 onPreferenceChange(),这个函数会调用WifiManager的setWifiEnabled()函数。
public class WifiEnabler implementsPreference.OnPreferenceChangeListener {
……
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference,Object value) {
booleanenable = (Boolean) value;
……
if (mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(enable)) {
mCheckBox.setEnabled(false);
……
}
……
}
我们都知道Wifimanager只是个服务代理,所以它会调用WifiService的setWifiEnabled()函数,而这个函数会调用 sendEnableMessage()函数,了解android消息处理机制的都知道,这个函数最终会给自己发送一个 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI的消息,被WifiService里面定义的handlermessage()函数处理,会调用 setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数。下面是调用流程:
mWifiEnabler.onpreferencechange()===>mWifiManage.setWifienabled()===>mWifiService.setWifiEnabled()===>mWifiService.sendEnableMessage()
===>mWifiService.handleMessage()===>mWifiService.setWifiEnabledBlocking().
在setWifiEnabledBlocking()函数中主要做如下工作:加载Wifi驱动,启动wpa_supplicant,注册广播接收器,启动WifiThread监听线程。代码如下:……
if (enable) {
if (!mWifiStateTracker.loadDriver()) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Failed toload Wi-Fi driver.");
setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);
return false;
}
if (!mWifiStateTracker.startSupplicant()) {
mWifiStateTracker.unloadDriver();
Slog.e(TAG, "Failed tostart supplicant daemon.");
setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);
return false;
}
registerForBroadcasts();
mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
……
至此,Wifi使能(开启)结束,自动进入扫描阶段。
(二)扫描AP
当驱动加载成功后,如果配置文件的AP_SCAN = 1,扫描会自动开始,WifiMonitor将会从supplicant收到一个消息EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,调用 handleDriverEvent(),然后调用mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted(),该函数向消息队列添加EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED,handlermessage()函数处理消息时调用scan()函数,并通过 WifiNative将扫描命令发送到wpa_supplicant。
看代码Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java
private void handleDriverEvent(Stringstate) {
if (state == null) {
return;
}
if (state.equals("STOPPED")) {
mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStopped();
} else if (state.equals("STARTED")) {
mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverStarted();
} else if (state.equals("HANGED")) {
mWifiStateTracker.notifyDriverHung();
}
}
Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java
...
case EVENT_DRIVER_STATE_CHANGED:
switch(msg.arg1) {
case DRIVER_STARTED:
/**
*Set the number of allowed radio channels according
*to the system setting, since it gets reset by the
*driver upon changing to the STARTED state.
*/
setNumAllowedChannels();
synchronized (this) {
if (mRunState == RUN_STATE_STARTING) {
mRunState = RUN_STATE_RUNNING;
if (!mIsScanOnly) {
reconnectCommand();
} else {
// In somesituations, supplicant needs to be kickstarted to
// start thebackground scanning
scan(true);
}
}
}
break;
...
上面是启动Wifi时,自动进行的AP的扫描,用户当然也可以手动扫描AP,这部分实现在WifiService里面,WifiService通过startScan()接口函数发送扫描命令到supplicant。
看代码:Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java
public boolean startScan(booleanforceActive) {
enforceChangePermission();
switch (mWifiStateTracker.getSupplicantState()) {
case DISCONNECTED:
case INACTIVE:
case SCANNING:
case DORMANT:
break;
default:
mWifiStateTracker.setScanResultHandling(
WifiStateTracker.SUPPL_SCAN_HANDLING_LIST_ONLY);
break;
}
return mWifiStateTracker.scan(forceActive);
}
然后下面的流程同上面的自动扫描,我们来分析一下手动扫描从哪里开始的。我们应该知道手动扫描是通过菜单键的扫描键来响应的,而响应该动作的应该是 WifiSettings类中Scanner类的handlerMessage()函数,它调用WifiManager的 startScanActive(),这才调用WifiService的startScan()。
如代码:packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_SCAN, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_scan)
.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_menu_scan_network);
menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ID_ADVANCED, 0, R.string.wifi_menu_advanced)
.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_manage);
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}
当按下菜单键时,WifiSettings就会调用这个函数绘制菜单。如果选择扫描按钮,WifiSettings会调用onOptionsItemSelected()。
packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifiwifisettings.java
public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case MENU_ID_SCAN:
if(mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
mScanner.resume();
}
return true;
case MENU_ID_ADVANCED:
startActivity(new Intent(this,AdvancedSettings.class));
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
Handler类:
private class Scanner extends Handler {
private int mRetry = 0;
void resume() {
if (!hasMessages(0)) {
sendEmptyMessage(0);
}
}
void pause() {
mRetry = 0;
mAccessPoints.setProgress(false);
removeMessages(0);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message message) {
if (mWifiManager.startScanActive()){
mRetry = 0;
} else if (++mRetry >= 3) {
mRetry = 0;
Toast.makeText(WifiSettings.this, R.string.wifi_fail_to_scan,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
mAccessPoints.setProgress(mRetry != 0);
sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 6000);
}
}
这里的mWifiManager.startScanActive()就会调用WifiService里的startScan()函数,下面的流程和上面的一样,这里不赘述。
当supplicant完成了这个扫描命令后,它会发送一个消息给上层,提醒他们扫描已经完成,WifiMonitor会接收到这消息,然后再发送给WifiStateTracker。
Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java
void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
switch (event) {
caseDISCONNECTED:
handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder);
break;
case CONNECTED:
handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);
break;
case SCAN_RESULTS:
mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();
break;
case UNKNOWN:
break;
}
}
WifiStateTracker将会广播SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息:
代码如:Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java
public voidhandleMessage(Message msg) {
Intent intent;
……
case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
if(ActivityManagerNative.isSystemReady()) {
mContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));
}
sendScanResultsAvailable();
/**
* On receiving the first scanresults after connecting to
* the supplicant, switch scanmode over to passive.
*/
setScanMode(false);
break;
……
}
由于WifiSettings类注册了intent,能够处理SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION消息,它会调用handleEvent(),调用流程如下所示。
WifiSettings.handleEvent() ====>WifiSettings.updateAccessPoints() ====> mWifiManager.getScanResults()====> mService.getScanResults()====> mWifiStateTracker.scanResults() ====> WifiNative.scanResultsCommand()……
将获取AP列表的命令发送到supplicant,然后supplicant通过Socket发送扫描结果,由上层接收并显示。这和前面的消息获取流程基本相同。
(3)配置,连接AP
当用户选择一个活跃的AP时,WifiSettings响应打开一个对话框来配置AP,比如加密方法和连接AP的验证模式。配置好AP后,WifiService添加或更新网络连接到特定的AP。
代码如:packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java
public booleanonPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen screen, Preference preference) {
if (preference instanceof AccessPoint) {
mSelected = (AccessPoint) preference;
showDialog(mSelected, false);
} else if (preference == mAddNetwork) {
mSelected = null;
showDialog(null, true);
} else if (preference == mNotifyOpenNetworks) {
Secure.putInt(getContentResolver(),
Secure.WIFI_NETWORKS_AVAILABLE_NOTIFICATION_ON,
mNotifyOpenNetworks.isChecked() ? 1 : 0);
} else {
return super.onPreferenceTreeClick(screen, preference);
}
return true;
}
配置好以后,当按下“Connect Press”时,WifiSettings通过发送LIST_NETWORK命令到supplicant来检查该网络是否配置。如果没有该网络或没有配置它,WifiService调用addorUpdateNetwork()函数来添加或更新网络,然后发送命令给supplicant,连接到这个网络。下面是从响应连接按钮到WifiService发送连接命令的代码:
packages/apps/settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi/WifiSetttings.java
public void onClick(DialogInterfacedialogInterface, int button) {
if (button == WifiDialog.BUTTON_FORGET && mSelected != null) {
forget(mSelected.networkId);
} else if (button == WifiDialog.BUTTON_SUBMIT && mDialog !=null) {
WifiConfiguration config = mDialog.getConfig();
if (config == null) {
if (mSelected != null&& !requireKeyStore(mSelected.getConfig())) {
connect(mSelected.networkId);
}
} else if (config.networkId != -1) {
if (mSelected != null) {
mWifiManager.updateNetwork(config);
saveNetworks();
}
} else {
int networkId =mWifiManager.addNetwork(config);
if (networkId != -1) {
mWifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId, false);
config.networkId =networkId;
if (mDialog.edit || requireKeyStore(config)){
saveNetworks();
} else {
connect(networkId);
}
}
}
}
}
Frameworks\base\wifi\java\android\net\wifi\WifiManager.java
public intupdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {
if(config == null || config.networkId < 0) {
return -1;
}
return addOrUpdateNetwork(config);
}
private intaddOrUpdateNetwork(WifiConfiguration config) {
try {
return mService.addOrUpdateNetwork(config);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
return -1;
}
}
WifiService.addOrUpdateNetwork()通过调用mWifiStateTracker.setNetworkVariable()将连接命令发送到Wpa_supplicant。
(4)获取IP地址
当连接到supplicant后,WifiMonitor就会通知WifiStateTracker。
代码如:Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java
Public void Run(){
if (connectToSupplicant()) {
// Send a message indicatingthat it is now possible to send commands
// to the supplicant
mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantConnection();
} else {
mWifiStateTracker.notifySupplicantLost();
return;
}
……
}
WifiStateTracker发送EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION消息到消息队列,这个消息有自己的handlermessage()函数处理,它会启动一个DHCP线程,而这个线程会一直等待一个消息事件,来启动DHCP协议分配IP地址。
frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java
void notifySupplicantConnection() { sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION); } public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Intent intent; switch (msg.what) { case EVENT_SUPPLICANT_CONNECTION: …… HandlerThread dhcpThread = newHandlerThread("DHCP Handler Thread"); dhcpThread.start(); mDhcpTarget = newDhcpHandler(dhcpThread.getLooper(), this); …… ……
case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED: …… configureInterface(); ……
}}
private void configureInterface() { checkPollTimer(); mLastSignalLevel = -1; if(!mUseStaticIp) { //使用DHCP线程动态IP if(!mHaveIpAddress && !mObtainingIpAddress) { mObtainingIpAddress = true; //发送启动DHCP线程获取IP mDhcpTarget.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START); } } else { //使用静态IP,IP信息从mDhcpInfo中获取 intevent; if(NetworkUtils.configureInterface(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) { mHaveIpAddress = true; event = EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED; if (LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configurationsucceeded"); }else { mHaveIpAddress = false; event = EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED; if (LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "Static IP configuration failed"); } sendEmptyMessage(event); //发送IP获得成功消息事件 } }
当Wpa_supplicant连接到AP后,它会发送一个消息给上层来通知连接成功,WifiMonitor会接受到这个消息并上报给WifiStateTracker。Frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiMonitor.java
DhcpThread获取EVENT_DHCP_START消息事件后,调用handleMessage()函数,启动DHCP获取IP地址的服务。void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) { switch (event) { case DISCONNECTED: handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED,remainder); break; case CONNECTED: handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder); break; …… } private void handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState newState, String data) { StringBSSID = null; intnetworkId = -1; if(newState == NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED) { Matcher match = mConnectedEventPattern.matcher(data); if(!match.find()) { if (Config.LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "Could not find BSSID in CONNECTEDevent string"); }else { BSSID = match.group(1); try { networkId = Integer.parseInt(match.group(2)); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { networkId = -1; } } } mWifiStateTracker.notifyStateChange(newState,BSSID, networkId); } void notifyStateChange(DetailedState newState, StringBSSID, int networkId) { Messagemsg = Message.obtain( this, EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED, newNetworkStateChangeResult(newState, BSSID, networkId)); msg.sendToTarget(); }
frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi/WifiStateTracker.java
这里调用了一个NetworkUtils.runDhcp()函数,NetworkUtils类是一个网络服务的辅助类,它主要定义了一些本地接口,这些接口会通过他们的JNI层android_net_NetUtils.cpp文件和DHCP client通信,并获取IP地址。public void handleMessage(Message msg) { intevent; switch (msg.what) { case EVENT_DHCP_START: …… Log.d(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP requeststarted"); //启动一个DHCPclient的精灵进程,为mInterfaceName请求分配一个IP地//址 if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) { event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED; if(LOCAL_LOGD) Log.v(TAG, "DhcpHandler: DHCP request succeeded"); } else { event= EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_FAILED; Log.i(TAG,"DhcpHandler: DHCP request failed: " + NetworkUtils.getDhcpError()); } …… } }
至此,IP地址获取完毕,Wifi启动流程结束。
待续(b) Wifi模块相关文件的解析
(c) Wpa_supplicant解析