字符设备驱动-中断方式操控按键

Linux中断处理体系结构

框架总结：

我们从内核启动第二阶段可知，进行了中断处理体系结构的初始化.

框架总结以外部中断EIN4~EINT23为例。

<0> 初始化中断处理体系结构init_IRQ(arch/arm/kernel/irq.c)

void __init init_IRQ(void)
{
    int irq;

    for (irq = 0; irq < NR_IRQS; irq++)
        irq_desc[irq].status |= IRQ_NOREQUEST | IRQ_NOPROBE;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
    bad_irq_desc.affinity = CPU_MASK_ALL;
    bad_irq_desc.cpu = smp_processor_id();
#endif
    init_arch_irq();
}

然后通过init_arch_irq()调用特定架构相关的中断初始化函数。在这里这个函数就是s3c24xx_init_irq(arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/irq.c)，在后续移植Linux内核会深入由来。

/* external interrupts */

    for (irqno = IRQ_EINT4; irqno <= IRQ_EINT23; irqno++) {
        irqdbf("registering irq %d (extended s3c irq)\n", irqno);
        set_irq_chip(irqno, &s3c_irqext_chip);
        set_irq_handler(irqno, handle_edge_irq);
        set_irq_flags(irqno, IRQF_VALID);

<1>发生中断，cpu执行异常向量vector_irq代码

<2>在vector_irq里面，最终调用中断处理的总入口函数asm_do_IRQ

<3> asm_do_IRQ根据中断号irq=(EINT4~EINT23)调用irq_desc[irq].handle_irq=(handle_edge_irq)

<4> handle_edge_irq使用chip成员中的函数=&s3c_irqext_chip来设置硬件

<5> handle_edge_irq逐个调用用户在irq_desc[irq].action连表中注册的处理函数

<6> 用户注册中断服务程序

int request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
unsigned long irqflags, const char *devname, void *dev_id)

Ⅰ.分配一个irqaction结构

struct irqaction *action;
action->handler = handler;
    action->flags = irqflags;
    cpus_clear(action->mask);
    action->name = devname;
    action->next = NULL;
    action->dev_id = dev_id;

Ⅱ.把这个结构放入irq_desc[irq].action连表中

setup_irq(irq, action);

Ⅲ.设置中断触发方式和引脚状态

desc->chip->set_type(irq,
                        new->flags & IRQF_TRIGGER_MASK

设置引脚功能为外部中断，由irqflags参数设置中断触发方式

Ⅳ.使能中断

desc->chip->startup(irq)/enable(irq)

<七> 卸载中断服务程序

void free_irq(unsigned int irq, void *dev_id)

Ⅰ.出链

由中断号irq定位action链表，再使用dev_id在action链表中找到要卸载的表项。

desc->chip->release(irq, dev_id)

Ⅱ.关闭中断

desc->chip->shutdown(irq)/disable(irq)

中断方式操作按键

根据上面的描述，我们只需要通过request_irq自己注册中断服务程序。

int request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
        unsigned long irqflags, const char *devname, void *dev_id)

驱动程序：third_drv.c

#include <linux/module.h>  
#include <linux/kernel.h>  
#include <linux/fs.h>  
#include <linux/init.h>  
#include <linux/delay.h>  
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>  
#include <asm/irq.h>  
#include <asm/io.h>  
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>  
#include <asm/hardware.h>

static struct class *thirddrv_class;
static struct class_device *thirddrv_class_dev;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，s3c24xx_third_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;

struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};

/* 键值： 按下时，0x01、0x02、0x03 */
/* 键值： 松开时，0x81、0x82、0x83 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pin_desc[3] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0,0X01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2,0X02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3,0X03},
};


static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc *pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    pinval =  s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
    if(pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | (pindesc->key_val);
        *gpfdat |= ((1<<4) | (1<<5) | (1<<6));
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
        *gpfdat &= ~((1<<4) | (1<<5) | (1<<6));
    }
    printk("key_val = 0x%x\n",key_val);
    ev_press = 1;                /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}


static int third_drv_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
{
    /* 配置GPF0,2、GPG3为中断引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq,IRQT_BOTHEDGE,"s2",&pin_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq,IRQT_BOTHEDGE,"s3",&pin_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11,buttons_irq,IRQT_BOTHEDGE,"s4",&pin_desc[2]);
    /* 配置GPF4、5、6为输入引脚 */
    *gpfcon &= ~((0x3<<4*2) | (0x3<<5*2) | (0x3<<6*2));
    *gpfcon |=  ((1<<4*2) | (1<<5*2) | (1<<6*2));
    return 0;
}

static ssize_t third_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    //看用户需要读取的空间，和这里的是否相同
    if(count != 1)
        return -EINVAL;
    /* 如果无按键动作发生，则进行休眠状态 */
    /* 如果ev_press等于0，休眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq,ev_press);

    /* 如果有按键动作发生，则返回按键的值 */
    copy_to_user(buf,&key_val,1);
    ev_press = 0;

    return 1;
}

static int third_drv_close (struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  &pin_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  &pin_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pin_desc[2]);
    return 0;

}

static struct file_operations third_drv_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,   /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open  = third_drv_open,
    .read = third_drv_read,
    .release = third_drv_close,
};

int major; 

static int third_drv_init(void)
{
        major = register_chrdev(0,"third_drv",&third_drv_fops);
        thirddrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"thirddrv");
        thirddrv_class_dev = class_device_create(thirddrv_class,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"buttons");
        gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050,16);
        gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
        gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060,16);
        gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
        return 0;
}

static int third_drv_exit(void)
{
        unregister_chrdev(major,"third_drv");
        class_device_unregister(thirddrv_class_dev);
        class_destroy(thirddrv_class);
        iounmap(gpfcon);
        iounmap(gpgcon);
        return 0;
}

module_init(third_drv_init);
module_exit(third_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Makefile

KERN_DIR = /work/system/linux-2.6.22.6

all:
    make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules 

clean:
    make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
    rm -rf modules.order

obj-m += third_drv.o

驱动测试程序：thirddrvtest.c

#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <fcntl.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  

/* 
 * thirddrvtest
 */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    unsigned char key_val;
    fd = open("/dev/buttons",O_RDWR);
    if(fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can't open!\n");
    }
    while(1)
    {
        read(fd,&key_val,1);
        printf("key_val = 0x%x\n",key_val);
    }

    return 0;
}

测试：

make
arm-linux-gcc -o thirddrvtest thirddrvtest.c
cp thirddrvtest third_drv.ko /work/nfs_root/czg
insmod third_drv.ko

不使用驱动测试程序来测试

cat /proc/interrupts

exec 5</dev/buttons
//挂载到5下，会直接调用驱动程序
cat /proc/interrupts

//按下按键

exec 5<&-
//取消挂载

使用驱动测试程序测试

./thirddrvtest &
cat /proc/interrupts
//按下按键

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