22. Generate Parentheses

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:
[
  "((()))",
  "(()())",
  "(())()",
  "()(())",
  "()()()"
]

思路

这个题目是直接的，一看便知有点栈的意思，再想到递归可以实现。
1. 初始状态string s=””
2. 如果n等于0，直接返回[]
3. 递归每次判断剩余的右括号数是否大于0，若大于0，则s后加“)”,同时rightpar个数减去1,rightpar的初始值为0；
4. 同理，若左括号大于0，则s后加”(“，同时leftpar个数减去1，rightpar个数加上1.
5. 递归返回的条件，左右括号个数同时为0.

public class Solution {
    public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        List<String> rtn = new ArrayList<String>();
        addparas(rtn,"",n,0);
        return rtn;
    }
    //leftpar: left parenthesis count
    //rightpar: right parenthesis count
    private void addparas(List<String> list, String s, int leftpar, int rightpar){
        if(leftpar==0 && rightpar==0){
            list.add(s);
            return;
        }
        if(rightpar>0)
            addparas(list,s+")",leftpar,rightpar-1);
        if(leftpar>0)
            addparas(list,s+"(",leftpar-1,rightpar+1);
    }
}