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前言:上个月实在是太忙了,根本没时间看看书,博客也只写了一篇,还好这个月能稍微轻松一点,不然真是要被虐死的节奏,其实我也挺容易满足,只要能给我时间看看书,无论生活有多累,突然间就会幸福感爆棚。哈,程序猿真是一个奇怪的动物。
相关文章:
1、《PullScrollView详解(一)——自定义控件属性》
2、《PullScrollView详解(二)——Animation、Layout与下拉回弹》
3、《PullScrollView详解(三)——PullScrollView实现》
4、《PullScrollView详解(四)——完全使用listview实现下拉回弹(方法一)》
5、《PullScrollView详解(五)——完全使用listview实现下拉回弹(方法二)》
6、《PullScrollView详解(六)——延伸拓展(listview中getScrollY()一直等于0、ScrollView中的overScrollBy)》
这里又将介绍另一个控件了——PullScrollView,同样是利用几篇来详细讲述它的实现方法,先看看最终的效果吧:
其实效果也挺简单,下拉回弹,然后在下拉的时候顶部的图片伸展。
看似简单的效果,用到的知识可不少,今天就先给大家做个铺垫,讲讲如何给自定义控件添加上自定义的控件属性。
一、概述
平时大家在看别人写的代码时,可能在一个自定义控件的XML中也发现过类似的代码:
大家看最后三个属性:
attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
attrstest:age ="young"
明显这三个属性不是系统自带的,这是自己添加上去的。那怎么添加自定义的属性呢?利用XML中的declare-styleable标签来做。
二、declare-styleable使用方法
下面我们先看如何自定义控件属性,然后再讲讲它的具体用途。1、自定义一个类MyTextView
public class MyTextView extends TextView {
public MyTextView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
}
2、新建attrs.xml文件(res/values下)
复制下面这段代码到attrs.xml文件中:- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <declare-styleable name="MyTextView">
- <attr name="header" format="reference" />
- <attr name="headerHeight" format="dimension" />
- <attr name="headerVisibleHeight" format="dimension" />
- <attr name="age">
- <flag name="child" value="10"/>
- <flag name="young" value="18"/>
- <flag name="old" value="60"/>
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
- </resources>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<declare-styleable name="MyTextView">
<attr name="header" format="reference" />
<attr name="headerHeight" format="dimension" />
<attr name="headerVisibleHeight" format="dimension" />
<attr name="age">
<flag name="child" value="10"/>
<flag name="young" value="18"/>
<flag name="old" value="60"/>
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
注意:
1、最重要的一点是declare-styleable旁边有一个name属性,这个name的取值就是对应所定义的类名。即要为哪个类添加自定义的属性,那这个name属性的值就是哪个。当然我们这里要为自定义的MyTextView来添加XML属性,所以name = "MyTextView";
2、自定义属性值可以组合使用比如:<attr name="border_color" format="color|reference"/ >;即表示即可以自定义color值比如#ff00ff,也可以利用@color/XXX来引用color.xml中已有的值
有关<declare-styleable / >标签下各个标签的用法,我们后面会逐一讲解。
这里就先讲讲上面的几个:
- reference指的是从string.xml、drawable.xml、color.xml等引用过来的值
- flag是自己定义的,类似于 android:gravity="top"
- dimension 指的是是从dimension.xml里引用过来的内容.注意,这里如果是dp那就会做像素转换
- <com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- attrstest:header="@drawable/pic1"
- attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
- attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
- attrstest:age="young"/>
<com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
attrstest:header="@drawable/pic1"
attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
attrstest:age="young"/>
可以看到header的取值是从其它XML引用过来的;dimension就表示尺寸,直接输入数字;flag就相当于代码里的常量,比如这里的young就表示数字18
理解这些代码难度不大,下面看看在XML中要怎么添加这些自定义的属性
3、XML中使用自定义的属性
(1)、添加自定义控件
我们在一个XML布局中,比如下面这个activity_main.xml
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- attrstest:header="@drawable/pic1"
- attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
- attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
- attrstest:age="young"/>
- </RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
attrstest:header="@drawable/pic1"
attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
attrstest:age="young"/>
</RelativeLayout>
如果我们像上面这样,直接添加自定义的控件及属性,你会发现,所有的自定义属性都会标红!这是因为这个XML根本识别不了这些标记
(2)、导入自定义的属性集(方法一)
要让它识别我们自定义的属性也非常简单,在根布局上添加
xmlns:attrstest ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle"
这里有两点注意:
1、xmlns:attrstest,这里的attrstest是自定义的,你想定义成什么就可以定义成什么。但要注意的是,下面访问你定义的XML控件属性时,就是通过这个标识符访问的。比如我们这里定义成attrstest;那我们下面对应的访问自定义控件的方式就是:attrstest:headerHeight="300dp";
2、最后的:com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle,是AndroidManifest.xml中的包名。即AndroidManifest.xml中package字段对应的值,如下所示:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle" >
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle" >
所以,在这种方式下,完整的activity_main..xml代码应该是:
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:attrstest ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
- attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
- attrstest:age="young"/>
- </RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:attrstest ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
attrstest:age="young"/>
</RelativeLayout>
(3)、导入自定义的属性集(方法二)另一种自动导入自定义属性集的方式要相对简单,要根布局控件上添加:
xmlns:attrstest="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
其中xmlns:attrstest,这里的attrstest是自定义的,你想定义成什么就可以定义成什么。但要注意的是,下面访问你定义的XML控件属性时,就是通过这个标识符访问的。比如我们这里定义成attrstest;那我们下面对应的访问自定义控件的方式就是:attrstest:headerHeight="300dp";
所以,在这种方式下,完整的activity_main.xml的代码如下:
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:attrstest="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
- attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
- attrstest:age="young"/>
- </RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:attrstest="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.harvic.com.trydeclarestyle.MyTextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
attrstest:headerHeight="300dp"
attrstest:headerVisibleHeight="100dp"
attrstest:age="young"/>
</RelativeLayout>
4、代码中获取自定义属性的值
大家可能会有疑问:我在XML中添加上自定义的属性有什么用呢?它不是系统原有的属性,那就不能指望系统能对它做什么操作。那我加它有什么用呢?我们自定义的控件属性,系统当然不知道是用来干嘛的,所以当然也不可能对它有任何操作。如果我们不在代码中自己操作这些值,那这些自己添加的代码就毫无意义!所以,我们添加它们的主要目的,就是可以在代码中获取用户所设置的值。然后利用这些值完成我们想完成的功能。
使用代码获取某个属性用户所定义的值,主要是使用TypedArray类,这个类担供了所有的获取某个属性值的方法,如下所示,但需要注意的是,在使用完以后必须调用TypedArray的recycle()方法,用来释放资源
- typedArray.getInt(int index, float defValue);
- typedArray.getDimension(int index, float defValue);
- typedArray.getBoolean(int index, float defValue);
- typedArray.getColor(int index, float defValue);
- typedArray.getString(int index)
- typedArray.getDrawable(int index);
- typedArray.getResources();
typedArray.getInt(int index, float defValue);
typedArray.getDimension(int index, float defValue);
typedArray.getBoolean(int index, float defValue);
typedArray.getColor(int index, float defValue);
typedArray.getString(int index)
typedArray.getDrawable(int index);
typedArray.getResources();
我们就看看在MyTextView中获取我们在XML中定义的那些属性的值,然后将它设置到成显示的文字:
- public class MyTextView extends TextView {
- public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
- super(context, attrs);
- TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.MyTextView);
- float headerHeight = typedArray.getDimension(R.styleable.MyTextView_headerHeight,-1);
- int age = typedArray.getInt(R.styleable.MyTextView_age,-1);
- typedArray.recycle();
- this.setText("headerHeight:"+headerHeight + " age:"+age);
- }
- }
public class MyTextView extends TextView {
public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.MyTextView);
float headerHeight = typedArray.getDimension(R.styleable.MyTextView_headerHeight,-1);
int age = typedArray.getInt(R.styleable.MyTextView_age,-1);
typedArray.recycle();
this.setText("headerHeight:"+headerHeight + " age:"+age);
}
}
整个工程的效果图如下:
好了,到这里基本上就结束了,下面就讲讲declare-styleable标签下其它属性的用法。
源码在文章底部给出
三、declare-styleable标签其它属性用法
1、 reference:参考某一资源ID。
(1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <ImageView
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"/>
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"/>
2. color:颜色值。
(1)属性定义:<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <TextView
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:textColor = "#00FF00"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:textColor = "#00FF00"/>
3. boolean:布尔值。
(1)属性定义:<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:focusable = "true"/>
4. dimension:尺寸值。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"/>
5. float:浮点值。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
- <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
- <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<alpha
android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
android:toAlpha = "0.7"/>
6. integer:整型值。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
- <attr name = "visible" />
- <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
- <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
- <attr name = "pivotX" />
- <attr name = "pivotY" />
- <attr name = "drawable" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
<attr name = "pivotX" />
<attr name = "pivotY" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <animated-rotate
- xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
- android:pivotX = "50%"
- android:pivotY = "50%"
- android:framesCount = "12"
- android:frameDuration = "100"/>
<animated-rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
android:pivotX = "50%"
android:pivotY = "50%"
android:framesCount = "12"
android:frameDuration = "100"/>
7. string:字符串。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
- <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name = "MapView">
<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <com.google.android.maps.MapView
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
- android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
- android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g" />
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g" />
8. fraction:百分数。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
- <attr name = "visible" />
- <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
- <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
- <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
- <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
- <attr name = "drawable" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <rotate
- xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
- android:fromDegrees = "0"
- android:toDegrees = "360"
- android:pivotX = "200%"
- android:pivotY = "300%"
- android:duration = "5000"
- android:repeatMode = "restart"
- android:repeatCount = "infinite"/>
<rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
android:fromDegrees = "0"
android:toDegrees = "360"
android:pivotX = "200%"
android:pivotY = "300%"
android:duration = "5000"
android:repeatMode = "restart"
android:repeatCount = "infinite"/>
9. enum:枚举值。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="orientation">
- <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
- <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="orientation">
<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
<enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <LinearLayout
- xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation = "vertical"
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
- android:layout_height = "fill_parent">
- </LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent">
</LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
(1)属性定义:- <declare-styleable name="名称">
- <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
- <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
- <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
- <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
- <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
- <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
- <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
- <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
- <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
- <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
- <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
- </attr>
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <activity
- android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
- android:label = "@string/app_name"
- android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
<activity
android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
特别要注意:
属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。(1)属性定义:
- <declare-styleable name = "名称">
- <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
- </declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
- <ImageView
- android:layout_width = "42dip"
- android:layout_height = "42dip"
- android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"/>
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"/>
参考文章:
1、《declare-styleable的使用(自定义控件) 以及declare-styleable中format详解》
2、《Android 自定义UI View - 04 圆形图片控件之自定义属性》
如果本文有帮到您,记得加关注哦
源码下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/harvic880925/8817777
请大家尊重原创者版权,转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/harvic880925/article/details/46537767 谢谢
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