ObjC第一节:OC类、消息

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-21 21:18:31 发布

dot2636268966

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-21 21:18:31 发布

阅读量226

点赞数

文章标签： ObjC课程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dot2636268966/article/details/47403793

版权

OC类、消息

1、类的声明

#import ...

@interface className : parentClass <...>

{

//实例变量

}

//方法声明

@end

1.1 #import:本身就有防止头文件被重复包含的功能

1.2 NSObject:OC定义的一个根类，每一个新建的OC类都应该为其派生类，提供了大量的方法（如init、alloc等）

1.3 方法声明一般格式：mType (returnType) name : (type) param name : (type) param==方法类型（返回值类型）标签名：（参数类型）参数名标签名：（参数类型）参数名

1.4 所有的标签名和冒号构成了整个方法的方法名，如上例方法名：name:name:....

1.5 方法类型：+类方法，相当于c++中的静态成员函数； -实例方法

1.6 OC不支持静态成员变量，可以通过静态全局变量来实现静态成员变量的功能

2、类的实现

#import ...

@implementation className

//方法实现

@end

2.1 方法实现一般格式：mType (returnType) name : (type) param name : (type) param { 。。。}

2.2 方法原型必须和它的声明保持一致

2.3 实例方法可以通过名字引用本类或本类中继承过来的实例变量，但是在类方法中不可以引用实例变量

2.4 在一个方法中，可以用标示符self表示调用方法的对象，类似this

2.5 if(self = [super init]):初始化子类中来自于父类的实例变量，赋给self，if判断是否初始化成功并赋值成功，如果成功则继续初始化子类的实例变量

3、消息机制

3.1 [object foo:10] 称为消息发送，给对象object发送foo:消息

3.2 一般格式为[receiver message]; message与方法在执行阶段绑定，与消息绑定的方法可以是实例方法，也可以是类方法；如果receiver是类，则关联的是类方法，如果receiver是实例，则关联的是实例方法

A、简单OC类

Person.h

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>  //import本身就有防止头文件被重复包含的功能,实现了C++中的#ifndef XXX    #define XXX    #include <..>    ...    #endif

@interface Person : NSObject  //class Person : ...  NSObject,OC定义的根类，每一个新建的OC类都应该为其派生类，提供了大量方法（init、alloc等）
{
    float height;  //默认protected
    double weight;  //实例变量与方法的声明分开
}
//Person (float h, double w);
//void print();
//float getHeight();
//double getWeight();
//void setHeightandWeight(float h, double w);
@property (nonatomic, assign)float height;  //同类型可以写一起
@property double weight;  //声明属性，让编译器自动合成setter和getter方法
- (Person *) initWithHeight : (float) h andWeight : (double) w;  //方法的声明，-表示实例方法，+表示类方法（相当于C++的静态成员函数）
- (void) print;
//- (float) height;
//- (double) weight;  //声明get方法
- (void) setHeight: (float)h andWeight: (double)w;
+ (void) printWord;
@end  //结束，相当于C++类中的;

Person.m

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person
@synthesize height;
@synthesize weight;  //实现，setter和getter方法
- (Person *) initWithHeight : (float) h andWeight : (double) w  //不需要 类名::,方法原型与声明一致
{
    if (self = [super init])  //self类似于this指针，[super init]初始化子类中来自于父类的实例变量，赋给self，通过if判断是否初始化并赋值成功
    {
        height = h;  //继续初始化子类的实例变量
        weight = w;
        //self.weight = w;  //调用set方法,前提是声明了set方法
    }
    return self;
}
- (void) print
{
    NSLog(@"height = %f, weight = %lf",height, weight);
}
//- (float) height
//{
//    return height;
//}
//- (double) weight
//{
//    return weight;
//}
- (void) setHeight: (float)h andWeight: (double) w
{
    height = h;
    weight = w;
}
+ (void) printWord
{
    NSLog(@"WWWWWWWWWWW");
}
@end

main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool  //自动释放池
    {
        [Person printWord];  //[接收者 消息]; 类对应类方法，实例对应实例方法
        Person *p = [[Person alloc] initWithHeight:1 andWeight:2];
        //Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
        [p print];
        
        [p setHeight:3 andWeight:4];  //[接收者 方法名:参数];
        NSLog(@"height:%f,weight:%lf",p.height, p.weight);  
        [p setHeight:5];  //与上面set..and是不同的方法，property和synthesize声明实现了这种方法
        [p setWeight:6];
        [p print];
        
        p.height = 7;  //赋值调set，用值调get
        p.weight = 8;
        NSLog(@"height:%f,weight:%lf",p.height, p.weight);
        //[p release];  //自动释放池不需要再手动释放
    }
    return 0;
}

B、从C语言说起~

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
typedef enum{ kCircle, kRectangle, kOblateSpheroid } ShapeType;
typedef enum{ kRedColor, kGreenColor, kBlueColor } ShapeColor;
typedef struct {
    int x, y, width, height;
}ShapeRect;
typedef struct {
    ShapeType type;
    ShapeColor fillColor;
    ShapeRect bounds;
}Shape;
NSString *colorName (ShapeColor colorName)
{
    switch (colorName)
    {
        case kRedColor:
            return @"red";
            break;
        case kGreenColor:
            return @"green";
            break;
        case kBlueColor:
            return @"blue";
            break;
        default:
            return @"No";
            break;
    }
}
void drawCircle (ShapeRect bounds, ShapeColor fillColor)
{
    NSLog(@"Circle (%d %d %d %d) in %@", bounds.x, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height, colorName(fillColor));
}//仅实现了画圆
void drawShapes (Shape shapes[], int count)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        switch (shapes[i].type)
        {
            case kCircle:
                drawCircle (shapes[i].bounds, shapes[i].fillColor);
                break;
//            case kRectangle:
//                drawRectangle (shapes[i].bounds, shapes[i].fillColor);
//                break;
//            case kOblateSpheroid:
//                drawEgg (shapes[i].bounds, shapes[i].fillColor);
//                break;
        }
    }
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    Shape shapes[3];
    
    ShapeRect rect0 = {0, 0, 10, 30};
    shapes[0].type = kCircle;
    shapes[0].fillColor = kRedColor;
    shapes[0].bounds = rect0;
    
//    ShapeRect rect1 = {30, 40, 50, 60};
//    shapes[1].type = kRectangle;
//    shapes[1].fillColor = kGreenColor;
//    shapes[1].bounds = rect1;
//    
//    ShapeRect rect2 = {15, 18, 37, 29};
//    shapes[2].type = kOblateSpheroid;
//    shapes[2].fillColor = kBlueColor;
//    shapes[2].bounds = rect2;
    
    drawShapes (shapes, 1);
    
    return 0;
}

到OC~

//误报:Must explicitly describe intended ownership of an object array parameter。如果你看到了这个错误信息，你可以选中左边的项目名，然后再选中右边的PROJECT-->Apple LLVM compiler 4.2 - Language-->Objective-C Automatic Reference Counting，它本来的值是Yes，将它的值改为No，就可以正常编译运行了。

//#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//typedef enum{ kCircle, kRectangle, kOblateSpheroid}ShapeType;
//typedef enum{ kRedColor, kGreenColor, kBlueColor}ShapeColor;
//typedef struct {
//    int x, y, width, height;
//}ShapeRect;
//typedef struct {
//    ShapeType type;
//    ShapeColor fillColor;
//    ShapeRect bounds;
//}Shape;
//NSString *colorName (ShapeColor colorName)
//{
//    switch (colorName)
//    {
//        case kRedColor:
//            return @"red";
//            break;
//        case kGreenColor:
//            return @"green";
//            break;
//        case kBlueColor:
//            return @"blue";
//            break;
//        default:
//            return @"No";
//            break;
//    }
//}
//
//@interface Circle : NSObject
//{
//    ShapeColor fillColor;
//    ShapeRect bounds;
//}
//- (void) setFillColor : (ShapeColor) fillColor;
//- (void) setBounds : (ShapeRect) bounds;
//- (void) draw;
//@end
//@implementation Circle
//- (void) setFillColor:(ShapeColor ) c
//{
//    fillColor = c;
//}
//- (void) setBounds:(ShapeRect) b
//{
//    bounds = b;
//}
//- (void) draw
//{
//    NSLog(@"drawing a Circle (%d %d %d %d) in %@", bounds.x, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height, colorName(fillColor));
//}
//@end
//
//void drawShapes (id shapes[], int count)
//{
//    int i;
//    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
//    {
//        id shape = shapes[i];
//        [shape draw];
//    }
//}
//int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
//{
//    id shapes[3];
//
//    ShapeRect rect0 = {0, 0, 10, 30};
//    shapes[0] = [Circle new];
//    [shapes[0] setFillColor: kRedColor];
//    [shapes[0] setBounds: rect0];
//
    ShapeRect rect1 = {30, 40, 50, 60};
    shapes[1] = [Rectangle new];
    [shapes[1] setFillColor: kGreenColor];
    [shapes[1] setBounds: rect1];
    
    ShapeRect rect2 = {15, 19, 37, 29};
    shapes[2] = [OblataSphereoid new];
    [shapes[2] setFillColor: kBlueColor];
    [shapes[2] setBounds: rect2];
//
//    drawShapes (shapes, 1);  //同样，只实现画圆
//
//    return 0;
//}

C、完整的OC

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
typedef enum {kRedColor, kGreenColor, kBlueColor} ShapeColor;

typedef struct
{
	int x, y, width, height;
} ShapeRect;

NSString *colorName (ShapeColor color)
{
	NSString *colorName;
	switch (color) {
		case kRedColor:
			colorName = @"red";
			break;
		case kGreenColor:
			colorName = @"green";
			break;
		case kBlueColor:
			colorName = @"blue";
			break;
		default:
			colorName = @"Unexpected color";
			break;
	}
	
	return (colorName);
	
} // colorName

@interface Shape : NSObject
{
	ShapeColor  fillColor;
	ShapeRect   bounds;
}
- (void) setFillColor: (ShapeColor) fillColor;
- (void) setBounds: (ShapeRect) bounds;
- (void) draw;
@end // Shape

@implementation Shape
- (void) setFillColor: (ShapeColor) c
{
	fillColor = c;
} // setFillColor

- (void) setBounds: (ShapeRect) b
{
	bounds = b;
} // setBounds

- (void) draw
{
} // draw

@end // Shape



@interface Triangle : Shape
@end // Triangle

@implementation Triangle

- (void) draw
{
	NSLog (@"drawing a triangle at (%d %d %d %d) in %@",
		   bounds.x, bounds.y,
		   bounds.width, bounds.height,
		   colorName(fillColor));
} // draw

@end // Triangle



@interface Circle : Shape
@end // Circle

@implementation Circle

- (void) draw
{
	NSLog (@"drawing a circle at (%d %d %d %d) in %@",
		   bounds.x, bounds.y,
		   bounds.width, bounds.height,
		   colorName(fillColor));
} // draw

@end // Circle



@interface Rectangle : Shape
@end // Rectangle

@implementation Rectangle

- (void) draw
{
	NSLog (@"drawing a rectangle at (%d %d %d %d) in %@",
		   bounds.x, bounds.y,
		   bounds.width, bounds.height,
		   colorName(fillColor));
} // draw

@end // Rectangle



@interface OblateSphereoid : Shape
@end // OblateSphereoid

@implementation OblateSphereoid

- (void) draw
{
	NSLog (@"drawing an egg at (%d %d %d %d) in %@",
		   bounds.x, bounds.y,
		   bounds.width, bounds.height,
		   colorName(fillColor));
} // draw

@end // OblateSphereoid


void drawShapes (id shapes[], int count)  //选中项目名称—>右边的Build Settings 下拉找到Apple  LLVM  5.1 - Language - Objective  C  ——>Objective-C Automatic Reference Counting，它本来的值是Yes，将它的值改为No，就可以正常编译运行了
{
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
		id shape = shapes[i];
		[shape draw];
	}
	
} // drawShapes


int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
	id shapes[4]; // I'm different!
	
	ShapeRect rect0 = { 0, 0, 10, 30 };
	shapes[0] = [Circle new];
	[shapes[0] setBounds: rect0];
	[shapes[0] setFillColor: kRedColor];
	
	ShapeRect rect1 = { 30, 40, 50, 60 };
	shapes[1] = [Rectangle new];
	[shapes[1] setBounds: rect1];
	[shapes[1] setFillColor: kGreenColor];
	
	ShapeRect rect2 = { 15, 19, 37, 29 };
	shapes[2] = [OblateSphereoid new];
	[shapes[2] setBounds: rect2];
	[shapes[2] setFillColor: kBlueColor];
	
	ShapeRect rect3 = { 47, 32, 80, 50 };	// I'm new!
	shapes[3] = [Triangle new];
	[shapes[3] setBounds: rect3];
	[shapes[3] setFillColor: kRedColor];
	
	drawShapes (shapes, 4); // I'm different!
	
	return (0);
	
} // main