标签(空格分隔): 多线程
变量值的共享可以使用public static 变量的形式,所有的线程都使用同一个public static变量。如果想实现每一个线程都有自己的共享变量该如果办,JDK中提供的类ThreadLocal正是为了解决这样的问题。
类ThreadLocal主要解决的就是每个线程绑定自己的值,可以将ThreadLocal类比喻成全局放数据的盒子,盒子中可以存放每个线程的私有数据。
方法get()与null:
创建如下代码:
public class Run {
public static ThreadLocal t1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
if(t1.get()==null){
System.out.println("从未放过值");
t1.set("放入了值");
}
System.out.println(t1.get());
System.out.println(t1.get());
}
}
程序运行结果如下:
从运行结果来看,第一次调用t1对象的get()方法时返回的值是null,通过调用set()方法赋值后顺序取出值并打印。类ThreadLocal解决的就是变量在不同线程间的隔离性,也就是不同线程拥有自己的值,不同线程中的值可以放入ThreadLocal类中进行保存的。
验证线程变量的隔离性:
创建如下代码:
public class Tools {
public static ThreadLocal t1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
Tools.t1.set("ThreadA" + (i+1));
System.out.println("ThreadA get value="+Tools.t1.get());
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class ThreadB extends ThreadA{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
Tools.t1.set("ThreadB"+(i+1));
System.out.println("Thread get Value="+Tools.t1.get());
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}public class ThreadB extends ThreadA{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
Tools.t1.set("ThreadB"+(i+1));
System.out.println("ThreadB get Value="+Tools.t1.get());
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA();
ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB();
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
Tools.t1.set("Main"+(i+1));
System.out.println("Main get Value="+Tools.t1.get());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
}
}
执行结果如下:
虽然三个线程都向t1对象中set()数值,但每个线程还是取出了自己的值。创建如下代码再次验证:
public class Tools {
public static ThreadLocal<Date> t1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
if(Tools.t1.get()==null){
Tools.t1.set(new Date());
}
System.out.println("A "+Tools.t1.get().getTime());
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
if(Tools.t1.get()==null){
Tools.t1.set(new Date());
}
System.out.println("B "+Tools.t1.get().getTime());
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
a.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
ThreadB b = new ThreadB();
b.start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
在第一次调用ThreadLocal类的get()方法返回的值是null,怎么样实现第一次调用get()不返回null呢?也就是具有默认的值。
解决get()返回null问题:
创建如下代码:
public class ThreadLocalExt extends ThreadLocal{
@Override
protected Object initialValue() {
return "我是默认值,第一次get不在返回null";
}
}
public class Run {
private static ThreadLocalExt threadLocalExt = new ThreadLocalExt();
public static void main(String[] args) {
if(threadLocalExt.get()==null){
System.out.println("从未放过值");
threadLocalExt.set("我的值");
}
System.out.println(threadLocalExt.get());
System.out.println(threadLocalExt.get());
}
}
执行结果如下:
次测试仅仅证明main线程有自己的值,那其他线程是否会有自己的初始化的值?
再次验证线程变量的隔离性:
创建如下代码:
public class ThreadLocalExt extends ThreadLocal{
@Override
protected Object initialValue() {
return new Date().getTime();
}
}
public class Tools {
public static ThreadLocalExt localExt = new ThreadLocalExt();
}
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
System.out.println("在ThreadA线程中取值:"+Tools.localExt.get());
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(" Main线程中取值=" + Tools.localExt.get());
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
ThreadA ta = new ThreadA();
ta.start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
子线程和父线程各自有各自的值。