通常我们习惯用eclipse来开发Android程序,它会自动帮我们打包当前的应用程序。如果在Navigator视图下,我们可以看到以下几个文件:
在上图中,com包放置的是我们的class文件,classes.dex是class文件经过转换后的可以在dalvik上跑的精简类文件,resources.ap_是经过打包的资源文件,ant.apk就是最终的打包文件。
使用ANT来对应用打包,一般会经过以下几个步骤:
1.用aapt命令生成R.java文件
2.用aidl命令生成相应java文件
3.用javac命令编译java源文件生成class文件
4.用dx.bat将class文件转换成classes.dex文件
5.用aapt命令生成资源包文件resources.ap_
6.用apkbuilder.bat打包资源和classes.dex文件,生成unsigned.apk
7.用jarsinger命令对apk认证,生成signed.apk
为了便于理解和记忆,下面来用一张流程图来说明以上的几个过程:
以上就是整体的流程,下面我们就对其每个部分进行做出详细讲解,把每一个步骤都弄清楚了。
我们需要先熟悉一下每一个步骤所使用到的命令:
1.aapt(Android Asset Packaging Tool)命令,根据资源文件生成R.java文件
参数说明:
-f 强制覆盖已存在的文件。
-m 在-J指定的位置下自动生成相应的包的目录。
-J 指定R.java文件生成的目录。
-S 指定资源目录。
-M 指定清单文件。
-I 引入类库。
注意,我们当前所在的位置是ant项目根目录,所以必要时需要输入很多关于命令的路径,以下示例也是一样。
2.aidl(Android Interface Definition Language)命令,根据.aidl定义文件生成java文件
上面的示例所在位置为com/scott/ant下,根据包中的Person.aidl文件,在gen对应的目录中生成Person.java文件,示例中只是处理单一文件,下文中会讲述如何处理目录中的多个aidl文件。
3.javac(Java Compiler)命令,根据源文件生成对应的class文件
参数说明:
-d <目录> 指定存放生成的类文件的位置
-bootclasspath <路径> 覆盖引导类文件的位置
示例中并没有考虑到引用类路径下面的类库,复杂的情况会在稍后遇到的。
4.dx命令,将class文件转换成.dex文件
以上示例是将bin目录下的class文件转换成classes.dex文件,输出到bin目录,我们也许会用到第三方类库,等一会就会看到。
5.aapt将资源文件打包
参数说明:
-f 强制覆盖
-M 指定Manifest文件
-S 指定资源目录
-A 指定资产目录
-I 指定引入的类库
-F 指定要生成的包
6.apkbuilder命令,根据classes.dex文件和resources.ap_生成为签证的apk包
参数说明:
-rf 参照源文件的目录的结构
7.jarsigner命令,对上面生成的apk包进行签证
在签证的过程中,需要使用到证书文件,需要注意的是最后的release是证书的别名,关于如何创建证书,请看下图:
当然也可以在eclipse里使用ADT提供的图形界面完成以上步骤,选中项目,点击右键,“Android Tools=>Export Signed Application Package”,然后再其中的Keystore selection环节选择“Create new keystore”,然后按照提示填写信息就可以了。
以上是我们使用到的命令,接下来我们就该来分析一下ANT所必须的build.xml:
首先我们需要定义大量的变量属性,用来表示使用到的路径、目录等,如下:
01 | < project name = "ant" default = "release" > |
03 | < property environment = "env" /> |
05 | < property name = "appName" value = "${ant.project.name}" /> |
07 | < property name = "sdk-folder" value = "${env.ANDROID_SDK_HOME}" /> |
09 | < property name = "sdk-platform-folder" value = "${sdk-folder}/platforms/android-8" /> |
11 | < property name = "sdk-tools" value = "${sdk-folder}/tools" /> |
13 | < property name = "sdk-platform-tools" value = "${sdk-platform-folder}/tools" /> |
16 | < property name = "aapt" value = "${sdk-platform-tools}/aapt" /> |
17 | < property name = "aidl" value = "${sdk-platform-tools}/aidl" /> |
18 | < property name = "dx" value = "${sdk-platform-tools}/dx.bat" /> |
19 | < property name = "apkbuilder" value = "${sdk-tools}/apkbuilder.bat" /> |
20 | < property name = "jarsigner" value = "${env.JAVA_HOME}/bin/jarsigner" /> |
23 | < property name = "android-jar" value = "${sdk-platform-folder}/android.jar" /> |
24 | < property name = "android-maps-jar" value = "${sdk-folder}/add-ons/addon_google_apis_google_inc_8/libs/maps.jar" /> |
27 | < property name = "framework-aidl" value = "${sdk-platform-folder}/framework.aidl" /> |
30 | < property name = "outdir-gen" value = "gen" /> |
32 | < property name = "outdir-bin" value = "bin" /> |
35 | < property name = "manifest-xml" value = "AndroidManifest.xml" /> |
37 | < property name = "resource-dir" value = "res" /> |
38 | < property name = "asset-dir" value = "assets" /> |
40 | < property name = "srcdir" value = "src" /> |
41 | < property name = "srcdir-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${srcdir}" /> |
43 | < property name = "external-lib" value = "lib" /> |
44 | < property name = "external-lib-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${external-lib}" /> |
47 | < property name = "outdir-classes" value = "${outdir-bin}" /> |
48 | < property name = "outdir-classes-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${outdir-classes}" /> |
51 | < property name = "dex-file" value = "classes.dex" /> |
52 | < property name = "dex-path" value = "${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" /> |
53 | < property name = "dex-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${dex-path}" /> |
56 | < property name = "resources-package" value = "${outdir-bin}/resources.ap_" /> |
57 | < property name = "resources-package-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${resources-package}" /> |
60 | < property name = "out-unsigned-package" value = "${outdir-bin}/${appName}-unsigned.apk" /> |
61 | < property name = "out-unsigned-package-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" /> |
64 | < property name = "keystore-file" value = "${basedir}/release.keystore" /> |
67 | < property name = "out-signed-package" value = "${outdir-bin}/${appName}.apk" /> |
68 | < property name = "out-signed-package-ospath" value = "${basedir}/${out-signed-package}" /> |
然后,我们分步骤来进行,首先是初始化:
3 | < echo >Initializing all output directories...</ echo > |
4 | < delete dir = "${outdir-bin}" /> |
5 | < mkdir dir = "${outdir-bin}" /> |
6 | < mkdir dir = "${outdir-classes}" /> |
其次是生成R.java文件:
02 | < target name = "gen-R" depends = "init" > |
03 | < echo >Generating R.java from the resources...</ echo > |
04 | < exec executable = "${aapt}" failonerror = "true" > |
05 | < arg value = "package" /> |
09 | < arg value = "${outdir-gen}" /> |
11 | < arg value = "${resource-dir}" /> |
13 | < arg value = "${manifest-xml}" /> |
15 | < arg value = "${android-jar}" /> |
接着是aidl生成java源文件:
02 | < target name = "aidl" depends = "gen-R" > |
03 | < echo >Compiling .aidl into java files...</ echo > |
04 | < apply executable = "${aidl}" failonerror = "true" > |
06 | < arg value = "-p${framework-aidl}" /> |
08 | < arg value = "-I${srcdir}" /> |
10 | < arg value = "-o${outdir-gen}" /> |
12 | < fileset dir = "${srcdir}" > |
13 | < include name = "**/*.aidl" /> |
我们指定了一个framework.aidl,里面定义了很多android内置对象,然后我们指定了aidl所在目录和输出目录,组后指定编译后缀为aidl的文件。
接下来是将源文件编译成class文件:
02 | < target name = "compile" depends = "aidl" > |
03 | < echo >Compiling java source code...</ echo > |
04 | < javac encoding = "utf-8" target = "1.5" srcdir = "." destdir = "${outdir-classes}" bootclasspath = "${android-jar}" > |
06 | < fileset dir = "${external-lib}" includes = "*.jar" /> |
08 | < file name = "${android-maps-jar}" /> |
如果使用到了第三方类库,我们可以在classpath标签下配置。
接着是将class文件转换成classes.dex:
02 | < target name = "dex" depends = "compile" > |
03 | < echo >Converting compiled files and external libraries into a .dex file...</ echo > |
04 | < exec executable = "${dx}" failonerror = "true" > |
07 | < arg value = "--output=${dex-ospath}" /> |
09 | < arg value = "${outdir-classes-ospath}" /> |
10 | < arg value = "${external-lib-ospath}" /> |
就像上面的代码一样,如果使用到第三方类库,可以在最后一参数的形式追加进去。
然后是将资源文件打包:
02 | < target name = "package-res-and-assets" > |
03 | < echo >Packaging resources and assets...</ echo > |
04 | < exec executable = "${aapt}" failonerror = "true" > |
05 | < arg value = "package" /> |
08 | < arg value = "${manifest-xml}" /> |
10 | < arg value = "${resource-dir}" /> |
12 | < arg value = "${asset-dir}" /> |
14 | < arg value = "${android-jar}" /> |
16 | < arg value = "${resources-package}" /> |
接着是打包成未签证的apk包:
02 | < target name = "package" depends = "dex, package-res-and-assets" > |
03 | < echo >Packaging unsigned apk for release...</ echo > |
04 | < exec executable = "${apkbuilder}" failonerror = "true" > |
05 | < arg value = "${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> |
08 | < arg value = "${resources-package-ospath}" /> |
10 | < arg value = "${dex-ospath}" /> |
12 | < arg value = "${srcdir-ospath}" /> |
14 | < echo >It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</ echo > |
然后是对apk签证:
02 | < target name = "jarsigner" depends = "package" > |
03 | < echo >Packaging signed apk for release...</ echo > |
04 | < exec executable = "${jarsigner}" failonerror = "true" > |
05 | < arg value = "-keystore" /> |
06 | < arg value = "${keystore-file}" /> |
07 | < arg value = "-storepass" /> |
08 | < arg value = "123456" /> |
09 | < arg value = "-keypass" /> |
10 | < arg value = "123456" /> |
11 | < arg value = "-signedjar" /> |
12 | < arg value = "${out-signed-package-ospath}" /> |
13 | < arg value = "${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> |
15 | < arg value = "release" /> |
最后发布:
2 | < target name = "release" depends = "jarsigner" > |
4 | < delete file = "${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> |
5 | < echo >APK is released. path:${out-signed-package-ospath}</ echo > |
这样就完成了build.xml的编辑,eclipse继承了ANT,所以我们可以在eclipse中直接运行,也可以在代码中调用。
首先我们需要下载ANT,然后配置相应的环境变量信息,最后我们这样调用:
1 | Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "ant.bat -buildfile d:/workspace/ant/build.xml" ); |
2 | InputStream is = p.getInputStream(); |
3 | BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(is)); |
5 | while ((line = br.readLine()) != null ) { |
6 | System.out.println(line); |
8 | System.out.println( "SUCCESS." ); |
全文完!
原文出处:http://blog.csdn.net/liuhe688/article/details/6679879