（4.1.4.1） 优化的异步任务

import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Process;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * 类描述：基本Android原生系统的全版本AynscTask
 * see {@link android.os.AsyncTask}
 * <p><b>在系统基础上</b>
 * <ul>
 * <li>1. 增强并发能力,根据处理器个数设置线程开销</li>
 * <li>2. 大量线程并发状况下优化线程并发控制及调度策略</li>
 * <li>3. 支持子线程建立并执行{@link MyAsyncTask2}，{@link #onPostExecute(Object)}方法一定会在主线程执行</li>

 */
public abstract class MyAsyncTask2<Params, Progress, Result> {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "CyyAsyncTask";

    private static int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();

    static {
        Log.i(LOG_TAG, "CPU ： " + CPU_COUNT);
    }
    /*********************************** 基本线程池（无容量限制） *******************************/
    /**
     * 有N处理器，便长期保持N个活跃线程。
     */
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 4;// 保持四个活跃的线程，其他的线程在请求后会被关闭
    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };
    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue = new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>();
    /**
     * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
     * 核心线程数为{@link #CORE_POOL_SIZE}，不限制并发总线程数!
     * 这就使得任务总能得到执行，且高效执行少量（<={@link #CORE_POOL_SIZE}）异步任务。
     * 线程完成任务后保持{@link #KEEP_ALIVE}秒销毁，这段时间内可重用以应付短时间内较大量并发，提升性能。
     * 它实际控制并执行线程任务。
     */
    public static final ThreadPoolExecutor mCachedSerialExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,
        MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);

    /*********************************** 线程并发控制器 *******************************/
    /**
     * 并发量控制: 根据cpu能力控制一段时间内并发数量，并发过量大时采用Lru方式移除旧的异步任务，默认采用LIFO策略调度线程运作，开发者可选调度策略有LIFO、FIFO。
     */
    public static final Executor mLruSerialExecutor = new SmartSerialExecutor();

    /**
     * 它大大改善Android自带异步任务框架的处理能力和速度。
     * 默认地，它使用LIFO（后进先出）策略来调度线程，可将最新的任务快速执行，当然你自己可以换为FIFO调度策略。
     * 这有助于用户当前任务优先完成（比如加载图片时，很容易做到当前屏幕上的图片优先加载）。
     *
     * @author shcaoyamin
     *         2015年3月11日
     */
    private static class SmartSerialExecutor implements Executor {
        /**
         * 这里使用{@link ArrayDequeCompat}当栈比{@link Stack}性能高
         */
        private ArrayDequeCompat<Runnable> mQueue = new ArrayDequeCompat<Runnable>(serialMaxCount);
        private ScheduleStrategy mStrategy = ScheduleStrategy.LIFO;

        private enum ScheduleStrategy {
            /**
             * 队列中最后加入的任务最先执行
             */
            LIFO,
            /**
             * 队列中最先加入的任务最先执行
             */
            FIFO;
        }

        /**
         * 一次同时并发的数量，根据处理器数量调节
         * <p>
         * <p>cpu count   :  1    2    3    4    8    16    32
         * <p>once(base*2):  1    2    3    4    8    16    32
         * <p>
         * <p>一个时间段内最多并发线程个数：
         * 双核手机：2
         * 四核手机：4
         * ...
         * 计算公式如下：
         */
        private static int serialOneTime;
        /**
         * 并发最大数量，当投入的任务过多大于此值时，根据Lru规则，将最老的任务移除（将得不到执行）
         * <p>cpu count   :  1    2    3    4    8    16    32
         * <p>base(cpu+3) :  4    5    6    7    11   19    35
         * <p>max(base*16):  64   80   96   112  176  304   560
         */
        private static int serialMaxCount;
        private int cpuCount = CPU_COUNT;

        private void reSettings(int cpuCount) {
            this.cpuCount = cpuCount;
            serialOneTime = cpuCount;
            serialMaxCount = (cpuCount + 3) * 16;
        }

        public SmartSerialExecutor() {
            reSettings(CPU_COUNT);
        }

        @Override
        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable command) {
            Runnable r = new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    command.run();
                    next();
                }
            };
            if (mCachedSerialExecutor.getActiveCount() < serialOneTime) {
                // 小于单次并发量直接运行
                mCachedSerialExecutor.execute(r);
            } else {
                // 如果大于并发上限，那么移除最老的任务
                if (mQueue.size() >= serialMaxCount) {
                    mQueue.pollFirst();
                }
                // 新任务放在队尾
                mQueue.offerLast(r);

                // 动态获取目前cpu处理器数目,并调整设置。
                // int proCount = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
                // if (proCount != cpuCount) {
                // cpuCount = proCount;
                // reSettings(proCount);
                // }
            }

        }

        public synchronized void next() {
            Runnable mActive;
            switch (mStrategy) {
                case LIFO:
                    mActive = mQueue.pollLast();
                    break;
                case FIFO:
                    mActive = mQueue.pollFirst();
                    break;
                default:
                    mActive = mQueue.pollLast();
                    break;
            }
            if (mActive != null) mCachedSerialExecutor.execute(mActive);
        }
    }

    /***********************************
     * 其他
     *******************************/

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;

    protected static final InternalHandler sHandler;

    static {
        if (Looper.myLooper() != Looper.getMainLooper()) {
            sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
        } else {
            sHandler = new InternalHandler();
        }
    }

    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = mCachedSerialExecutor;
    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

    private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
    private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();
    private FinishedListener finishedListener;

    /**
     * Indicates the current status of the task. Each status will be set only once
     * during the lifetime of a task.
     */
    public enum Status {
        /**
         * Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
         */
        PENDING,
        /**
         * Indicates that the task is running.
         */
        RUNNING,
        /**
         * Indicates that {@link MyAsyncTask2#onPostExecute} has finished.
         */
        FINISHED,
    }

    /**
     * @hide Used to force static handler to be created.
     * @param text
     */
    public static void init(String text) {
        sHandler.getLooper();
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
        sDefaultExecutor = exec;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
     */
    public MyAsyncTask2() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()", e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current status of this task.
     *
     * @return The current status.
     */
    public final Status getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }

    /**
     * Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The
     * specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute}
     * by the caller of this task.
     * <p>
     * This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates
     * on the UI thread.
     *
     * @param params The parameters of the task.
     * @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
     * @see #onPreExecute()
     * @see #onPostExecute
     * @see #publishProgress
     */
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

    /**
     * Runs on the UI thread before {@link #doInBackground}.
     *
     * @see #onPostExecute
     * @see #doInBackground
     */
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }

    /**
     * <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground}. The
     * specified result is the value returned by {@link #doInBackground}.</p>
     * <p>
     * <p>This method won't be invoked if the task was cancelled.</p>
     *
     * @param result The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
     * @see #onPreExecute
     * @see #doInBackground
     * @see #onCancelled(Object)
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

    /**
     * Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
     * The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}.
     *
     * @param values The values indicating progress.
     * @see #publishProgress
     * @see #doInBackground
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
    }

    /**
     * <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #cancel(boolean)} is invoked and
     * {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} has finished.</p>
     * <p>
     * <p>The default implementation simply invokes {@link #onCancelled()} and
     * ignores the result. If you write your own implementation, do not call
     * <code>super.onCancelled(result)</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param result The result, if any, computed in
     *               {@link #doInBackground(Object[])}, can be null
     * @see #cancel(boolean)
     * @see #isCancelled()
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"})
    protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
        onCancelled();
    }

    /**
     * <p>Applications should preferably override {@link #onCancelled(Object)}.
     * This method is invoked by the default implementation of
     * {@link #onCancelled(Object)}.</p>
     * <p>
     * <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #cancel(boolean)} is invoked and
     * {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} has finished.</p>
     *
     * @see #onCancelled(Object)
     * @see #cancel(boolean)
     * @see #isCancelled()
     */
    protected void onCancelled() {
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this task was cancelled before it completed
     * normally. If you are calling {@link #cancel(boolean)} on the task,
     * the value returned by this method should be checked periodically from
     * {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} to end the task as soon as possible.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if task was cancelled before it completed
     * @see #cancel(boolean)
     */
    public final boolean isCancelled() {
        return mCancelled.get();
    }

    /**
     * <p>Attempts to cancel execution of this task.  This attempt will
     * fail if the task has already completed, already been cancelled,
     * or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
     * and this task has not started when <tt>cancel</tt> is called,
     * this task should never run. If the task has already started,
     * then the <tt>mayInterruptIfRunning</tt> parameter determines
     * whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
     * an attempt to stop the task.</p>
     * <p>
     * <p>Calling this method will result in {@link #onCancelled(Object)} being
     * invoked on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground(Object[])}
     * returns. Calling this method guarantees that {@link #onPostExecute(Object)}
     * is never invoked. After invoking this method, you should check the
     * value returned by {@link #isCancelled()} periodically from
     * {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} to finish the task as early as
     * possible.</p>
     *
     * @param mayInterruptIfRunning <tt>true</tt> if the thread executing this
     *                              task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed
     *                              to complete.
     * @return <tt>false</tt> if the task could not be cancelled,
     * typically because it has already completed normally;
     * <tt>true</tt> otherwise
     * @see #isCancelled()
     * @see #onCancelled(Object)
     */
    public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
        mCancelled.set(true);
        return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
    }

    /**
     * Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
     * retrieves its result.
     *
     * @return The computed result.
     * @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
     * @throws ExecutionException    If the computation threw an exception.
     * @throws InterruptedException  If the current thread was interrupted
     *                               while waiting.
     */
    public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        return mFuture.get();
    }

    /**
     * Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
     * to complete, and then retrieves its result.
     *
     * @param timeout Time to wait before cancelling the operation.
     * @param unit    The time unit for the timeout.
     * @return The computed result.
     * @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
     * @throws ExecutionException    If the computation threw an exception.
     * @throws InterruptedException  If the current thread was interrupted
     *                               while waiting.
     * @throws TimeoutException      If the wait timed out.
     */
    public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException,
        TimeoutException {
        return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
    }

    /**
     * Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
     * itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
     * <p>
     * <p> Execute a task immediately.
     * <p>
     * <p> This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
     * <p>
     * <p> 用于重要、紧急、单独的异步任务，该Task立即得到执行。
     * <p> 加载类似瀑布流时产生的大量并发（一定程度允许任务被剔除队列）时请用{@link MyAsyncTask2#executeAllowingLoss(Object...)}
     *
     * @param params The parameters of the task.
     * @return This instance of AsyncTask.
     * @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
     *                               {@link MyAsyncTask2.Status#RUNNING} or {@link MyAsyncTask2.Status#FINISHED}.
     * @see #executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
     * @see #execute(Runnable)
     */
    public final MyAsyncTask2<Params, Progress, Result> execute(final Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    /**
     * <p> 用于瞬间大量并发的场景，比如，假设用户拖动{@link ListView}时如果需要加载大量图片，而拖动过去时间很久的用户已经看不到，允许任务丢失。
     * <p> This method execute task wisely when a large number of task will be submitted.
     *
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public final MyAsyncTask2<Params, Progress, Result> executeAllowingLoss(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(mLruSerialExecutor, params);
    }

    /**
     * Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
     * itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
     * <p>
     * <p>This method is typically used with {@link #mCachedSerialExecutor} to
     * allow multiple tasks to run in parallel on a pool of threads managed by
     * AsyncTask, however you can also use your own {@link Executor} for custom
     * behavior.
     * <p>
     * <p>This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
     *
     * @param exec   The executor to use.  {@link #mCachedSerialExecutor} is available as a
     *               convenient process-wide thread pool for tasks that are loosely coupled.
     * @param params The parameters of the task.
     * @return This instance of AsyncTask.
     * @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
     *                               {@link MyAsyncTask2.Status#RUNNING} or {@link MyAsyncTask2.Status#FINISHED}.
     * @see #execute(Object[])
     */
    public final MyAsyncTask2<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec, Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task has already been executed "
                        + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Convenience version of {@link #execute(Object...)} for use with
     * a simple Runnable object. See {@link #execute(Object[])} for more
     * information on the order of execution.
     * <p> 用于重要、紧急、单独的异步任务，该Runnable立即得到执行。
     * <p> 加载类似瀑布流时产生的大量并发（任务数超出限制允许任务被剔除队列）时请用{@link MyAsyncTask2#executeAllowingLoss(Runnable)}
     *
     * @see #execute(Object[])
     * @see #executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
     */
    public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
        sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
    }

    /**
     * <p> 用于瞬间大量并发的场景，比如，假设用户拖动{@link ListView}时如果需要启动大量异步线程，而拖动过去时间很久的用户已经看不到，允许任务丢失。
     * <p> This method execute runnable wisely when a large number of task will be submitted.
     * <p> 任务数限制情况见{@link SmartSerialExecutor}
     * immediate execution for important or urgent task.
     *
     * @param runnable
     */
    public static void executeAllowingLoss(Runnable runnable) {
        mLruSerialExecutor.execute(runnable);
    }

    /**
     * This method can be invoked from {@link #doInBackground} to
     * publish updates on the UI thread while the background computation is
     * still running. Each call to this method will trigger the execution of
     * {@link #onProgressUpdate} on the UI thread.
     * <p>
     * {@link #onProgressUpdate} will note be called if the task has been
     * canceled.
     *
     * @param values The progress values to update the UI with.
     * @see #onProgressUpdate
     * @see #doInBackground
     */
    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
        if (!isCancelled()) {
            sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS, new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        }
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
            if (finishedListener != null) finishedListener.onCancelled();
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
            if (finishedListener != null) finishedListener.onPostExecute();
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

    protected FinishedListener getFinishedListener() {
        return finishedListener;
    }

    protected void setFinishedListener(FinishedListener finishedListener) {
        this.finishedListener = finishedListener;
    }

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super();
        }

        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final MyAsyncTask2 mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(MyAsyncTask2 task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 任务完成监听器
     */
    public static interface FinishedListener {

        void onCancelled();

        void onPostExecute();
    }

}