在Android开发中,软引用和弱引用可能用的比较少,但是如果能够在适当的场景下正确的使用,可以对我们的app提供很好的优化体验。
1.强引用:也就是我们最常使用的引用,比如普通声明一个变量
String str = null;
这个str就是强引用。
关于强引用,也就是说,当系统内存不足时,系统宁愿抛出oom异常终止程序,也不会去回收它。
2.软引用:
SoftReference reference = new SoftReference(t);
这里的reference 就是一个指向类T的对象t的软引用;
关于软引用,如果某个对象只被软引用引用,当系统内存不足的时候,如果扫描到它,则会将其回收。如果系统内存充足,则不会回收它。
3.弱引用:
WeakReference<T> weakReference = new WeakReference<T>(t);
这里的weakReference 就是一个指向类T的对象t的弱引用,如果某个对象只被弱引用引用,弱引用的优先级比软引用还要低,即不论内存是否充足,当GC扫描到它的时候就会回收。
4.虚引用:这个引用跟没有引用是一样的,Android中现在已经废弃掉了,一般不怎么会用到,所以这里就不讲了。
下面先举个软引用使用的例子,我目前用到的一个地方就是在aciticy的管理类当中。
这是我实际项目中自己写的一个activity管理类
package com.mnsn.lldr.utils;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
public class MyActivityManger {
private static MyActivityManger instance;
private List<SoftReference<Activity>> activityList = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList<SoftReference<Activity>>());
public void destoryActivty(Activity mactivity) {
for (int i = 0; i < activityList.size(); i++) {
Activity activity = activityList.get(i).get();
if (activity == null || mactivity.equals(activity)) {
activityList.remove(i);
i--;
}
}
}
public static MyActivityManger getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new MyActivityManger();
}
return instance;
}
private void destoryActivty(String activityName) {
for (int i = 0; i < activityList.size(); i++) {
Activity activity = activityList.get(i).get();
if (activity != null && activityName.equals(activity.getClass().getSimpleName())) {
activity.finish();
activityList.remove(i);
i--;
} else if (activity == null) {
activityList.remove(i);
i--;
}
}
}
public void closeActivity(String... names) {
for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
destoryActivty(names[i]);
}
}
/**
* 添加Activity到集合中
*
* @param activity
*/
public void addActivity(Activity activity) {
SoftReference<Activity> reference = new SoftReference<Activity>(activity);
activityList.add(reference);
}
public void exitAll() {
for (int i = 0; i < activityList.size(); i++) {
Activity activity = activityList.get(i).get();
if (activity != null) {
activity.finish();
}
activityList.remove(i);
i--;
}
}
public void exitAll(Activity mActivity) {
for (int i = 0; i < activityList.size(); i++) {
Activity activity = activityList.get(i).get();
if (activity != null && !mActivity.equals(activity)) {
activity.finish();
activityList.remove(i);
i--;
} else if (activity == null) {
activityList.remove(i);
i--;
}
}
}
public static void turnToActivity(Context context, Class<?> dest) {
Intent intent = new Intent(context, dest);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
}
我会将项目中所有的activity都添加到这个类中,便于管理,如果是在activity未被主动销毁的情况下,如果内存不足,希望它被回收掉,所以用软引用非常合适。
接下来 再举一个弱引用使用的例子:
package com.example.test;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
public class SoftandWeakActivity extends Activity{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
thread.start();
}
private void UpdateUi(){
};
private Handler handler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case 100:
UpdateUi();
break;
default:
break;
}
};
};
private void doSomethingLongTime(){
}
Thread thread = new Thread(){
public void run() {
doSomethingLongTime();
handler.sendEmptyMessage(100);
};
};
}
当我们使用handler加thread去更新UI的时候,通常会像上面这样写,但是这样写有个问题,可能会照成内存泄露,因为子在hanler和thread的内部,是默认持有当前activity的对象的,如果doSomethingLongTime()这方法执行的时间比较长,当activity已经结束掉了还没执行完,那么此时activity将不会被回收。
我们所希望的当然是,aciticy被结束掉过后,UI当然就不用更新了,aciticy也可及时被回收掉。
那么可以改成以下这样:
package com.example.test;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
public class SoftandWeakActivity extends Activity{
private boolean isonDestroyed;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
thread.start();
}
private MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(new WeakReference<Activity>(this));
public void UpdateUi(){
};
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
isonDestroyed = true;
}
static class MyHandler extends Handler{
private WeakReference<Activity> weakReference;
public MyHandler (WeakReference<Activity> weakReference){
this.weakReference = weakReference;
}
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case 100:
SoftandWeakActivity activity = (SoftandWeakActivity)weakReference.get();
if(activity!=null&&!activity.isonDestroyed){
activity.UpdateUi();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
};
};
private void doSomethingLongTime(){
}
Thread thread = new Thread(){
public void run() {
doSomethingLongTime();
handler.sendEmptyMessage(100);
};
};
}
关于弱引用还有一个相当经典的例子,就是我们在应用中用的最广泛的图片处理框架imageloader,
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright 2011-2013 Sergey Tarasevich
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*******************************************************************************/
package com.nostra13.universalimageloader.cache.memory.impl;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.cache.memory.BaseMemoryCache;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
/**
* Memory cache with {@linkplain WeakReference weak references} to {@linkplain android.graphics.Bitmap bitmaps}<br />
* <br />
* <b>NOTE:</b> This cache uses only weak references for stored Bitmaps.
*
* @author Sergey Tarasevich (nostra13[at]gmail[dot]com)
* @since 1.5.3
*/
public class WeakMemoryCache extends BaseMemoryCache {
@Override
protected Reference<Bitmap> createReference(Bitmap value) {
return new WeakReference<Bitmap>(value);
}
}
我们可以看到,作者在处理图片缓存的时候,也是用了弱引用。
感兴趣的同学可以去看下imageloader的源码。