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一、 apt 的安装和简单用法;
1 、 apt 的安装;
#rpm -ivh http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/fedora/linux/extras/4/i386/apt-0.5.15cnc7-6.fc4.i386.rpm
2 、导入 GPG 签名;
#rpm --import http://svn.rpmforge.net/svn/branches/rpms/matthias/apt/RPM-GPG-KEY.freshrpms
rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
3 、加 Fedora core 4.0 的源;
在
/etc/apt/
目录中找到
sources.list
,在里面加如下的两行;
rpm http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386 core extras updates freshrpms
rpm http://rpm.livna.org/ fedora/4/i386 lvn
rpm http://rpm.livna.org/ fedora/4/i386 lvn
4.apt 简单的应用;
1 ]安装和配置好 apt 的第一步是执行 apt-get update ,目的是来从 apt 源中取回软件包的列表;也就是我们上面说的那个 sources.list 提到的源;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get update
You don't seem to have one or more of the needed GPG keys in your RPM database.
Importing them now...
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386 release [1834B]
Fetched 1834B in 8s (222B/s)
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/core pkglist [518kB]
Get:2 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/core release [151B]
Get:3 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/extras pkglist [1262kB]
Get:4 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/extras release [155B]
Get:5 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/updates pkglist [1107kB]
Get:6 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/updates release [157B]
Get:7 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/freshrpms pkglist [65.3kB]
Get:8 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/freshrpms release [161B]
Fetched 2952kB in 59s (49.9kB/s)
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
You don't seem to have one or more of the needed GPG keys in your RPM database.
Importing them now...
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386 release [1834B]
Fetched 1834B in 8s (222B/s)
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/core pkglist [518kB]
Get:2 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/core release [151B]
Get:3 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/extras pkglist [1262kB]
Get:4 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/extras release [155B]
Get:5 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/updates pkglist [1107kB]
Get:6 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/updates release [157B]
Get:7 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/freshrpms pkglist [65.3kB]
Get:8 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/freshrpms release [161B]
Fetched 2952kB in 59s (49.9kB/s)
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
2
]安装、升级、移除软件包的用法;
a) 软件包的安装;
a) 软件包的安装;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install
软件包名称
注:
不要加版本号,软件名就好;
比如我们想安装或者升级
firefox
,就可以直接用
apt-get install firefox ;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install firefox
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages will be upgraded
firefox (1.0.4-4 => 1.0.6-1.1.fc4)
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 removed and 234 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.2MB of archives.
After unpacking 17.0kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/updates firefox 0:1.0.6-1.1.fc4 [19.2MB]
Fetched 19.2MB in 6m25s (49.8kB/s)
Checking GPG signatures... ########################################### [100%]
Committing changes...
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:firefox ########################################### [100%]
Done.
b) 移除软件包;
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages will be upgraded
firefox (1.0.4-4 => 1.0.6-1.1.fc4)
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 removed and 234 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.2MB of archives.
After unpacking 17.0kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/updates firefox 0:1.0.6-1.1.fc4 [19.2MB]
Fetched 19.2MB in 6m25s (49.8kB/s)
Checking GPG signatures... ########################################### [100%]
Committing changes...
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:firefox ########################################### [100%]
Done.
b) 移除软件包;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get remove
软件包名
举例:
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get remove firefox
举例:
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get remove firefox
c) 对系统全面升级;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get upgrade
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get dist-upgrade
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get dist-upgrade
这两个功能差不多;
d) 常用的参数选项;
d) 常用的参数选项;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install -y
软件包名
比如:
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install -y gaim
注:
如果意外中断的包下载和安装,可以用
-y
参数来继续下载安装,如上面
gaim
我下载到
10%
,可以用上面的命令接着来下载安装或者升级;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install -d
软件包名
比如:
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install -d
注:
只是下载软件包,不解包,也不安装,下载到本地机的目录为
/var/cache/apt/archives
3]
清理
apt-get
后下载下来的包和未完成的包;
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get clean
通过 apt-get 下载下来的包存放在 /var/cache/apt/archives 目录中;有时我们中断一些正在 apt-get 的包,这样的包没有完全下载下来;我们也可以清理掉;也可以用继续接着下载安装,也可以清理掉;
这样
apt-get clean
就会删除
已经下载完成的位于
/var/cache/apt/archives
目录的所有包;也会清理掉下载未完成的包位于
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
这个功能还是比较有用的,因为
apt-get
下载和安装量极大,要定期清理;
二、 synaptic 的安装和用法;
二、 synaptic 的安装和用法;
相对
apt-get
的命令行操作来说,
synaptic
的操作还是极为简单的;
synaptic
全是点鼠标可视化操作;我等菜鸟不必知道什么原理不原理的,原理是早早晚晚都会知道,这有个时间的过程;但我们得把自己想要安装的东西得安装上,好在
LinuxSir.Org
灌水啊,哈哈;
1] 安装:
1] 安装:
[root@localhost beinan]# apt-get install synaptic
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
synaptic (0.57.2-1.fc4)
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 removed and 234 not upgraded.
Need to get 1682kB of archives.
After unpacking 4311kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/extras synaptic 0.57.2-1.fc4 [1682kB]
Fetched 1682kB in 46s (36.2kB/s)
Checking GPG signatures... ########################################### [100%]
Committing changes...
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:synaptic ########################################### [100%]
Done.
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
synaptic (0.57.2-1.fc4)
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 removed and 234 not upgraded.
Need to get 1682kB of archives.
After unpacking 4311kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/4/i386/extras synaptic 0.57.2-1.fc4 [1682kB]
Fetched 1682kB in 46s (36.2kB/s)
Checking GPG signatures... ########################################### [100%]
Committing changes...
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:synaptic ########################################### [100%]
Done.
2
]用法;简单吧;
想安装点什么就安装点什么吧;
建议: 新手不要大规模的升级系统,要先安装和升级几个你想用的包;比如 xmms 等;等手熟了,我们再大规模的升级和安装,但最好还是不要这样做,毕竟图形化的工具,有时会出现崩溃。所以还是小批量的比较好;
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建议: 新手不要大规模的升级系统,要先安装和升级几个你想用的包;比如 xmms 等;等手熟了,我们再大规模的升级和安装,但最好还是不要这样做,毕竟图形化的工具,有时会出现崩溃。所以还是小批量的比较好;
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