直接上代码,具体看代码中的注释
//
// ViewController.swift
// Refrence
//
// Created by Mac on 8/24/15.
// Copyright © 2015 fevershen. All rights reserved.
//
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
// 解决对象之间的循环强引用造成的内存泄漏
// 1.弱引用, 2.无主引用, 3.无主引用以及显示展开(隐式解析)的可选属性
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// var john: Person
// var number73: Apartment
// john = Person(name: "John Appleseed")
// number73 = Apartment(number: 73)
// john.apartment = number73
// number73.tenant = john
//
// var lina: Customer?
// lina = Customer(name: "Lina Appleseed")
// lina!.card = CreditCard(number: 1234_5678_9012_3456, customer: lina!)
let country = Country(name: "Canada", captialName: "Ottawa")
print("\(country.name)'s capital city is called \(country.capitalCity.name)")
// 可选类型并不会自动初始化为 nil, 因此,使用前必须赋值
let str: String? = nil
if (str != nil) {
print("===" + str!)
} else {
print("---")
}
}
// 1.
// 人和公寓的关系都是可选的, 这里用 weak 就可以了
class Person {
var name: String
init (name: String) {
self.name = name
print("\(name) init")
}
var apartment: Apartment?
deinit {
print("\(name) deinit")
}
}
class Apartment {
let number: Int
init (number: Int) {
self.number = number
print("Apartment \(number) init")
}
// 都不加 weak 将形成循环强引用,两个都不能被析构
weak var tenant: Person?
deinit {
print("Apartment \(number) deinit")
}
}
// 2.
// 客户的信用卡是可选的,但是信用卡必须要有客户(非可选),因此这里要用到 unowner
class Customer {
let name: String
var card: CreditCard?
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
print("Customer \(name) init")
}
deinit {
print("Customer \(name) deinit")
}
}
class CreditCard {
let number: Int
// 卡必须有主人, 无主引用是永远有值的
unowned let customer: Customer
init(number: Int, customer: Customer) {
self.number = number
self.customer = customer
print("CreditCard #\(number) init")
}
deinit {
print("CreditCard #\(number) deinit")
}
}
// 3.
class Country {
let name: String
// 可选类型并不会自动初始化为 nil, 因此,使用前必须赋值
// 这里的意义在于通过一条语句同时创建两个实例
var capitalCity: City! = nil
init(name: String, captialName: String) {
print("Country is initing")
self.name = name
// 下面这条语句是将 Country 的实例做为参数传递给 City 来创建 City 的实例,表面上看 Country 本身还没有实例完成,实际上由于该类中 City 的属性为加 ! 的方式,因此,一旦 Country 的实例在构造函数中给 name 属性赋值,整个初始化过程就完成了,下面的打印信息为虚的
self.capitalCity = City(name: captialName, country: self)
print("Country is inited")
}
deinit {
print("Country is deinited")
}
}
class City {
let name: String
unowned let country: Country
init(name: String, country: Country) {
print("City is initing")
self.name = name
self.country = country
print("City is inited")
}
deinit {
print("City is deinited")
}
}
}
3.打印结果:
Country is initing
City is initing
City is inited
Country is inited
Canada's capital city is called Ottawa
---
Country is deinited
City is deinited