1 为什么要设计基类
为什么要给程序设计基类呢?主要是出于2个原因,一是方便代码编写,减少重复代码和冗余逻辑,优化代码;二是优化程序架构,降低耦合度,方便拓展、修改。
ok,编写代码是程序员的第一步,那么第二步就是要编写高质量的代码,代码能实现功能是一方面,写的优美则是另一方面,这也是我们所有攻城狮们应该追求的境界。
2 设计基类的基本思路
那么,哪些东西我们需要抽象到基类中呢?
2.1 重复的代码:如果一个逻辑是大多数子类都需要使用的
2.2 臭而长的代码:典型的findviewbyid、Toast
2.3 需要修改原生行为的:要改变某控件的样式
2.4 为子类创建标准流程模板:模板设计模式
2.5 常用的方法:转换dip、px
3 常用基类的设计实例
3.1 BaseActivity
- public abstract class BaseActivity extends Activity {
- protected int mScreenWidth;
- protected int mScreenHeight;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- // 公共属性
- DisplayMetrics metric = new DisplayMetrics();
- getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(metric);
- mScreenWidth = metric.widthPixels;
- mScreenHeight = metric.heightPixels;
- // 定制流程
- setContentView();
- initViews();
- initListeners();
- initData();
- }
- Toast mToast;
- public abstract void setContentView();
- public abstract void initViews();
- public abstract void initListeners();
- public abstract void initData();
- // 常用方法
- public void ShowToast(String text) {
- if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) {
- if (mToast == null) {
- mToast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), text,
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
- } else {
- mToast.setText(text);
- }
- mToast.show();
- }
- }
- // 常用方法
- public int getStateBar() {
- Rect frame = new Rect();
- getWindow().getDecorView().getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(frame);
- int statusBarHeight = frame.top;
- return statusBarHeight;
- }
- // 常用方法
- public static int dip2px(Context context, float dipValue) {
- float scale = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
- return (int) (scale * dipValue + 0.5f);
- }
- }
3.2 BaseAdapter
- /**
- * Copyright 2013 Joan Zapata
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- import android.annotation.TargetApi;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.Typeface;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Build;
- import android.text.util.Linkify;
- import android.util.SparseArray;
- import android.view.LayoutInflater;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.view.animation.AlphaAnimation;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
- import android.widget.RatingBar;
- import android.widget.TextView;
- import com.squareup.picasso.Picasso;
- import com.squareup.picasso.RequestCreator;
- /**
- * Allows an abstraction of the ViewHolder pattern.<br>
- * <br>
- * <p/>
- * <b>Usage</b>
- * <p/>
- * <pre>
- * return BaseAdapterHelper.get(context, convertView, parent, R.layout.item)
- * .setText(R.id.tvName, contact.getName())
- * .setText(R.id.tvEmails, contact.getEmails().toString())
- * .setText(R.id.tvNumbers, contact.getNumbers().toString())
- * .getView();
- * </pre>
- */
- @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
- public class BaseAdapterHelper {
- /** Views indexed with their IDs */
- private final SparseArray<View> views;
- private final Context context;
- private int position;
- private View convertView;
- private BaseAdapterHelper(Context context, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
- this.context = context;
- this.position = position;
- this.views = new SparseArray<View>();
- convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context) //
- .inflate(layoutId, parent, false);
- convertView.setTag(this);
- }
- /**
- * This method is the only entry point to get a BaseAdapterHelper.
- * @param context The current context.
- * @param convertView The convertView arg passed to the getView() method.
- * @param parent The parent arg passed to the getView() method.
- * @return A BaseAdapterHelper instance.
- */
- public static BaseAdapterHelper get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId) {
- return get(context, convertView, parent, layoutId, -1);
- }
- /** This method is package private and should only be used by QuickAdapter. */
- static BaseAdapterHelper get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
- if (convertView == null) {
- return new BaseAdapterHelper(context, parent, layoutId, position);
- }
- return (BaseAdapterHelper) convertView.getTag();
- }
- /**
- * This method allows you to retrieve a view and perform custom
- * operations on it, not covered by the BaseAdapterHelper.<br/>
- * If you think it's a common use case, please consider creating
- * a new issue at https://github.com/JoanZapata/base-adapter-helper/issues.
- * @param viewId The id of the view you want to retrieve.
- */
- public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) {
- return retrieveView(viewId);
- }
- /**
- * Will set the text of a TextView.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param value The text to put in the text view.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setText(int viewId, String value) {
- TextView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setText(value);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will set the image of an ImageView from a resource id.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param imageResId The image resource id.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setImageResource(int viewId, int imageResId) {
- ImageView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setImageResource(imageResId);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will set background color of a view.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param color A color, not a resource id.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setBackgroundColor(int viewId, int color) {
- View view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setBackgroundColor(color);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will set background of a view.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param backgroundRes A resource to use as a background.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setBackgroundRes(int viewId, int backgroundRes) {
- View view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setBackgroundResource(backgroundRes);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will set text color of a TextView.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param textColor The text color (not a resource id).
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setTextColor(int viewId, int textColor) {
- TextView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setTextColor(textColor);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will set the image of an ImageView from a drawable.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param drawable The image drawable.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setImageDrawable(int viewId, Drawable drawable) {
- ImageView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setImageDrawable(drawable);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will download an image from a URL and put it in an ImageView.<br/>
- * It uses Square's Picasso library to download the image asynchronously and put the result into the ImageView.<br/>
- * Picasso manages recycling of views in a ListView.<br/>
- * If you need more control over the Picasso settings, use {BaseAdapterHelper#setImageBuilder}.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param imageUrl The image URL.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setImageUrl(int viewId, String imageUrl) {
- ImageView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- Picasso.with(context).load(imageUrl).into(view);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Will download an image from a URL and put it in an ImageView.<br/>
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param requestBuilder The Picasso request builder. (e.g. Picasso.with(context).load(imageUrl))
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setImageBuilder(int viewId, RequestCreator requestBuilder) {
- ImageView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- requestBuilder.into(view);
- return this;
- }
- /** Add an action to set the image of an image view. Can be called multiple times. */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setImageBitmap(int viewId, Bitmap bitmap) {
- ImageView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Add an action to set the alpha of a view. Can be called multiple times.
- * Alpha between 0-1.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setAlpha(int viewId, float value) {
- if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
- retrieveView(viewId).setAlpha(value);
- } else {
- // Pre-honeycomb hack to set Alpha value
- AlphaAnimation alpha = new AlphaAnimation(value, value);
- alpha.setDuration(0);
- alpha.setFillAfter(true);
- retrieveView(viewId).startAnimation(alpha);
- }
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Set a view visibility to VISIBLE (true) or GONE (false).
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param visible True for VISIBLE, false for GONE.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setVisible(int viewId, boolean visible) {
- View view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setVisibility(visible ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Add links into a TextView.
- * @param viewId The id of the TextView to linkify.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper linkify(int viewId) {
- TextView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- Linkify.addLinks(view, Linkify.ALL);
- return this;
- }
- /** Apply the typeface to the given viewId */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setTypeface(int viewId, Typeface typeface) {
- TextView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setTypeface(typeface);
- return this;
- }
- /** Apply the typeface to all the given viewIds */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setTypeface(Typeface typeface, int... viewIds) {
- for (int viewId : viewIds) {
- TextView view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setTypeface(typeface);
- }
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Sets the progress of a ProgressBar.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param progress The progress.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setProgress(int viewId, int progress) {
- ProgressBar view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setProgress(progress);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Sets the progress and max of a ProgressBar.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param progress The progress.
- * @param max The max value of a ProgressBar.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setProgress(int viewId, int progress, int max) {
- ProgressBar view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setProgress(progress);
- view.setMax(max);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Sets the range of a ProgressBar to 0...max.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param max The max value of a ProgressBar.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setMax(int viewId, int max) {
- ProgressBar view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setMax(max);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Sets the rating (the number of stars filled) of a RatingBar.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param rating The rating.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setRating(int viewId, float rating) {
- RatingBar view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setRating(rating);
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * Sets the rating (the number of stars filled) and max of a RatingBar.
- * @param viewId The view id.
- * @param rating The rating.
- * @param max The range of the RatingBar to 0...max.
- * @return The BaseAdapterHelper for chaining.
- */
- public BaseAdapterHelper setRating(int viewId, float rating, int max) {
- RatingBar view = retrieveView(viewId);
- view.setRating(rating);
- view.setMax(max);
- return this;
- }
- /** Retrieve the convertView */
- public View getView() {
- return convertView;
- }
- /**
- * Retrieve the overall position of the data in the list.
- * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the position hasn't been set at the construction of the this helper.
- */
- public int getPosition() {
- if (position == -1)
- throw new IllegalStateException("Use BaseAdapterHelper constructor " +
- "with position if you need to retrieve the position.");
- return position;
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- private <T extends View> T retrieveView(int viewId) {
- View view = views.get(viewId);
- if (view == null) {
- view = convertView.findViewById(viewId);
- views.put(viewId, view);
- }
- return (T) view;
- }
- }
如何使用呢:
- /**
- * Copyright 2013 Joan Zapata
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.view.Gravity;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
- import android.widget.FrameLayout;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- /**
- * Abstraction class of a BaseAdapter in which you only need
- * to provide the convert() implementation.<br/>
- * Using the provided BaseAdapterHelper, your code is minimalist.
- * @param <T> The type of the items in the list.
- */
- public abstract class BaseQuickAdapter<T, H extends BaseAdapterHelper> extends BaseAdapter {
- protected static final String TAG = BaseQuickAdapter.class.getSimpleName();
- protected final Context context;
- protected final int layoutResId;
- protected final List<T> data;
- protected boolean displayIndeterminateProgress = false;
- /**
- * Create a QuickAdapter.
- * @param context The context.
- * @param layoutResId The layout resource id of each item.
- */
- public BaseQuickAdapter(Context context, int layoutResId) {
- this(context, layoutResId, null);
- }
- /**
- * Same as QuickAdapter#QuickAdapter(Context,int) but with
- * some initialization data.
- * @param context The context.
- * @param layoutResId The layout resource id of each item.
- * @param data A new list is created out of this one to avoid mutable list
- */
- public BaseQuickAdapter(Context context, int layoutResId, List<T> data) {
- this.data = data == null ? new ArrayList<T>() : new ArrayList<T>(data);
- this.context = context;
- this.layoutResId = layoutResId;
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
- int extra = displayIndeterminateProgress ? 1 : 0;
- return data.size() + extra;
- }
- @Override
- public T getItem(int position) {
- if (position >= data.size()) return null;
- return data.get(position);
- }
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
- return position;
- }
- @Override
- public int getViewTypeCount() {
- return 2;
- }
- @Override
- public int getItemViewType(int position) {
- return position >= data.size() ? 1 : 0;
- }
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- if (getItemViewType(position) == 0) {
- final H helper = getAdapterHelper(position, convertView, parent);
- convert(helper, getItem(position));
- return helper.getView();
- }
- return createIndeterminateProgressView(convertView, parent);
- }
- private View createIndeterminateProgressView(View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- if (convertView == null) {
- FrameLayout container = new FrameLayout(context);
- container.setForegroundGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
- ProgressBar progress = new ProgressBar(context);
- container.addView(progress);
- convertView = container;
- }
- return convertView;
- }
- @Override
- public boolean isEnabled(int position) {
- return position < data.size();
- }
- public void add(T elem) {
- data.add(elem);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public void addAll(List<T> elem) {
- data.addAll(elem);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public void set(T oldElem, T newElem) {
- set(data.indexOf(oldElem), newElem);
- }
- public void set(int index, T elem) {
- data.set(index, elem);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public void remove(T elem) {
- data.remove(elem);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public void remove(int index) {
- data.remove(index);
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public boolean contains(T elem) {
- return data.contains(elem);
- }
- /** Clear data list */
- public void clear() {
- data.clear();
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- public void showIndeterminateProgress(boolean display) {
- if (display == displayIndeterminateProgress) return;
- displayIndeterminateProgress = display;
- notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- /**
- * Implement this method and use the helper to adapt the view to the given item.
- * @param helper A fully initialized helper.
- * @param item The item that needs to be displayed.
- */
- protected abstract void convert(H helper, T item);
- /**
- * You can override this method to use a custom BaseAdapterHelper in order to fit your needs
- *
- * @param position The position of the item within the adapter's data set of the item whose view we want.
- * @param convertView The old view to reuse, if possible. Note: You should check that this view
- * is non-null and of an appropriate type before using. If it is not possible to convert
- * this view to display the correct data, this method can create a new view.
- * Heterogeneous lists can specify their number of view types, so that this View is
- * always of the right type (see {@link #getViewTypeCount()} and
- * {@link #getItemViewType(int)}).
- * @param parent The parent that this view will eventually be attached to
- * @return An instance of BaseAdapterHelper
- */
- protected abstract H getAdapterHelper(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent);
- }
最后再看下我们在设置adapter的时候如何使用:
- /**
- * Copyright 2013 Joan Zapata
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- import java.util.List;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import static com.bmob.lostfound.adapter.BaseAdapterHelper.get;
- /**
- * Abstraction class of a BaseAdapter in which you only need
- * to provide the convert() implementation.<br/>
- * Using the provided BaseAdapterHelper, your code is minimalist.
- * @param <T> The type of the items in the list.
- */
- public abstract class QuickAdapter<T> extends BaseQuickAdapter<T, BaseAdapterHelper> {
- /**
- * Create a QuickAdapter.
- * @param context The context.
- * @param layoutResId The layout resource id of each item.
- */
- public QuickAdapter(Context context, int layoutResId) {
- super(context, layoutResId);
- }
- /**
- * Same as QuickAdapter#QuickAdapter(Context,int) but with
- * some initialization data.
- * @param context The context.
- * @param layoutResId The layout resource id of each item.
- * @param data A new list is created out of this one to avoid mutable list
- */
- public QuickAdapter(Context context, int layoutResId, List<T> data) {
- super(context,layoutResId,data);
- }
- protected BaseAdapterHelper getAdapterHelper(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- return get(context, convertView, parent, layoutResId, position);
- }
- }
是不算少写很多代码,也许有人会说你写前面那么多代码,比你后面少写的还要多。确实,但是你忽略了一点就是上面的基类是通用的,也就是说,你一句话不用改就可以在其他项目中用了,你的程序员生涯就再也不用写那么多adapter了。
以上,关于Android基类设计方法就到这里