1. 基于位置的服务简介
- GPS定位:基于手机内置的GPS硬件直接和卫星交互来后去当前的经纬度信息,这种定格为i方式精确度非常高,但缺点是只能在室外使用,室内基本无法接收到卫星的信号。
- 网络定位:根据手机当前网络附近的三个基站进行测速,以此计算出手机和每个基站之间的距离,在通过三角定位确定出一个大概的位置,这种定位方式精确度一般,但优点是在室内室外都可以使用。
- 在国内Google的网路服务不可用,所以网络定位的API失效。为了在室内和室外都可以成功定位,这里采用百度SDK来进行开发操作。
2. 获取发布版SHA1:
keytool -list -v -keystore <签名文件路径>
3. 确定自己位置的经纬度
<TextView
android:id="@+id/position_text_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="经纬度是多少"
android:textSize="25dp"
android:visibility="gone" />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.fkq.baidumaps">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"></uses-permission>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<meta-data
android:name="com.baidu.lbsapi.API_KEY"
android:value="6bnAKCzjTlK27e4Wl5UBQRqQGslWoV34"></meta-data>
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service
android:name="com.baidu.location.f"
android:enabled="true"
android:process=":remote"></service>
</application>
</manifest>
说明:
1. 添加了多种权限。
2. 添加了meta-data标签,注明APIKEY.
3. 注册一个LBS SDK的服务。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public LocationClient mLocationClient;
private TextView positionText;
private StringBuilder currentPosition;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mLocationClient = new LocationClient(getApplicationContext());
mLocationClient.registerLocationListener(new MyLocationListener());
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
positionText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.position_text_view);
List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, permissions, 1);
} else {
requestLocation();
}
}
private void requestLocation() {
initLocation();
mLocationClient.start();
}
private void initLocation() {
LocationClientOption option = new LocationClientOption();
option.setScanSpan(5000);
mLocationClient.setLocOption(option);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
for (int result : grantResults) {
if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "必须同意所有权限才能使用本程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return;
}
}
requestLocation();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "发生未知错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
}
}
public class MyLocationListener implements BDLocationListener {
@Override
public void onReceiveLocation(BDLocation location) {
currentPosition = new StringBuilder();
currentPosition.append("纬度:").append(location.getLatitude()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("经度:").append(location.getLongitude()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("定位方式:");
if (location.getLocType() == BDLocation.TypeGpsLocation) {
currentPosition.append("GPS");
} else if (location.getLocType() == BDLocation.TypeNetWorkLocation) {
currentPosition.append("网络");
}
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
positionText.setText(currentPosition);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onConnectHotSpotMessage(String s, int i) {
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mLocationClient.stop();
}
}
说明:
1. onCreate方法中创建LocationClient实例,接收一个全局的上下文参数。接着实例会注册一个监听器,当获取位置信息的时候,回调这个定位监听器。
2. 运行时权限采用集合的方式,如果没有授权便添加权限到集合中,然后将List转化为数组,再调用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions方法一次性申请。onRequestPermissionsResult方法循环每个权限,如果有一个权限被拒绝,直接调用finish方法关闭当前程序,只有所有的权限被用户同意,才会调用requestLocation方法进行地理位置的定位。
3. mLocationClient.start()方法进行定位,回调监听器:BDLocation.getLatitude获取位置的纬度,getLongitude获取位置的经度,getLocType获取定位方式。
4. 默认情况下定位mLocationClient.start()方法只会执行一次。增加 initLocation()方法,在方法中创建LocationClientOption对象,然后调用它的setScanSpan方法设置更新的间隔,传入5000,表示5秒钟会更新一下当前的位置,意味着监听器跟随5秒设置页面的经纬度。
5.活动被销毁的时候调用mLocationClient.stop()方法停止定位。
4. 选择定位模式
- 手机定位三种模式:高精度定位、节电、仅限设备。高精度定位允许使用GPS、无线网络、蓝牙或移动网络进行定位,节电模式表示仅使用网络定位,仅限设备模式表示仅使用GPS定位。不用担心开启了GPS定位,耗费电量,因为只有定位的时候才会消耗电量。
- initLocation方法(百度LBS)中对定位模式进行了指定:Hight_Accuracy、Battery_Saving和Device_Sensors。分别对应手机定位的三种模式。
- 我们这里设定为高精度模式(第一行代码为设备模式):
private void initLocation() {
LocationClientOption option = new LocationClientOption();
option.setLocationMode(LocationClientOption.LocationMode.Hight_Accuracy);
mLocationClient.setLocOption(option);
}
说明:不管是在屋里还是屋外都可以对位置进行定位。
5. 显示看得懂的定位信息
option.setIsNeedAddress(true);
说明:表示我们需要获取详细的地理信息
- 在onReceiveLocation方法中获取省市区街道等信息
currentPosition.append("国家:").append(location.getCountry()).append("\n")
currentPosition.append("省:").append(location.getProvince()).append("\n")
currentPosition.append("市:").append(location.getCity()).append("\n")
currentPosition.append("区:").append(location.getDistrict()).append("\n")
currentPosition.append("街道:").append(location.getStreet()).append("\n")
注意:如果定位方式指定为设备,但是获取具体信息这一功能,还是会自动开启网络定位。
6. 显示百度地图
<com.baidu.mapapi.map.MapView
android:id="@+id/bmapView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:clickable="true" />
说明: 自定义的MapView控件,用来显示地图。
onCreate方法中:
SDKInitializer.initialize(getApplicationContext());
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.bmapView);
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
mapView.onResume();
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
mapView.onPause();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mLocationClient.stop();
mapView.onDestroy();
}
说明:
1. SDKInitializer调用initialize方法,传入全局的上下文进行初始化操作,地图就会显示出来了,一句代码!
2. 通过findViewById方法获取到了MapView实例。
3. 在onResume、onPause和onDestroy方法中对MapView生命周期进行管理,以免浪费资源。
7. 移动到我的位置
BadiuMap baiduMap = mapView.getMap();
说明:有了BiaduMap类的实例,就可以对地图进行各种各样的操作,比如设置地图的缩放级别以及将地图移动到某一个经纬度上。
- 百度地图可以将缩放级别的取值范围定在3到19之间,值越大,地图越精细。
MapStatusUpdate update = MapStatusUpdateFactory.zoomTo(16f);
baiduMap.animateMapStatus(update);
LatLng ll = new LatLng(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
MapStatusUpdate update = MapStatusUpdateFactory.newLatLng(ll);
baiduMap.animateMapStatus(update);
8. 让“我”显示在地图上
baiduMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
- 借助MyLocationData.Builder类封装经纬度信息
MyLocationData.Builder locationBuilder = new MyLocationData.Builder()
locationBuilder.latitude(location.getLatitude())
locationBuilder.longitude(location.getLongitude())
- 借助MyLocationData.Builder类的build方法,让设备的位置显示在地图上
MyLocationData locationdata = locationBuilder.build()
baiduMap.setMyLocationData(locationdata)
baiduMap.setMyLocationEnabled(false);
9. 附上MainActivity的代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public LocationClient mLocationClient;
private TextView positionText;
private StringBuilder currentPosition;
private MapView mapView;
private BaiduMap baiduMap;
private boolean isFirstLocate = true;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mLocationClient = new LocationClient(getApplicationContext());
mLocationClient.registerLocationListener(new MyLocationListener());
SDKInitializer.initialize(getApplicationContext());
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
positionText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.position_text_view);
mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.bmapView);
baiduMap = mapView.getMap();
baiduMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, permissions, 1);
} else {
requestLocation();
}
}
private void requestLocation() {
initLocation();
mLocationClient.start();
}
private void initLocation() {
LocationClientOption option = new LocationClientOption();
option.setLocationMode(LocationClientOption.LocationMode.Hight_Accuracy);
option.setScanSpan(5000);
option.setIsNeedAddress(true);
mLocationClient.setLocOption(option);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
for (int result : grantResults) {
if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "必须同意所有权限才能使用本程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return;
}
}
requestLocation();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "发生未知错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
}
}
private void navigateTo(BDLocation location) {
if (isFirstLocate) {
LatLng ll = new LatLng(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
MapStatusUpdate update = MapStatusUpdateFactory.newLatLng(ll);
baiduMap.animateMapStatus(update);
update = MapStatusUpdateFactory.zoomTo(16f);
baiduMap.animateMapStatus(update);
isFirstLocate = false;
}
MyLocationData.Builder locationBuilder = new MyLocationData.Builder();
locationBuilder.latitude(location.getLatitude());
locationBuilder.longitude(location.getLongitude());
MyLocationData locationdata = locationBuilder.build();
baiduMap.setMyLocationData(locationdata);
}
public class MyLocationListener implements BDLocationListener {
@Override
public void onReceiveLocation(BDLocation location) {
if (location.getLocType() == BDLocation.TypeGpsLocation || location.getLocType() == BDLocation.TypeNetWorkLocation) {
navigateTo(location);
}
currentPosition = new StringBuilder();
currentPosition.append("纬度:").append(location.getLatitude()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("经度:").append(location.getLongitude()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("国家:").append(location.getCountry()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("省:").append(location.getProvince()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("市:").append(location.getCity()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("区:").append(location.getDistrict()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("街道:").append(location.getStreet()).append("\n");
currentPosition.append("定位方式:");
if (location.getLocType() == BDLocation.TypeGpsLocation) {
currentPosition.append("GPS");
} else if (location.getLocType() == BDLocation.TypeNetWorkLocation) {
currentPosition.append("网络");
}
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
positionText.setText(currentPosition);
}
});
}
@Override
public void onConnectHotSpotMessage(String s, int i) {
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
mapView.onResume();
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
mapView.onPause();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mLocationClient.stop();
mapView.onDestroy();
baiduMap.setMyLocationEnabled(false);
}
}