oracle RMAN克隆数据库

本文为离线方式克隆

一.环境介绍

1. 主数据库环境

• 操作系统版本 : redhat5 x64
• 数据库版本 : Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64
• 数据库名 : dg1
• 数据库SID : dg1
• db_unique_name: dg1
• IP：192.168.58.5
• hostname:oradg1

2. 备库环境

• 操作系统版本 : redhat5 x64
• 数据库版本 : Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64 （只安装oracle数据库软件,no netca dbca）
• 数据库名 : dg1
• 数据库SID : dg1
• db_unique_name: dg1
• IP：192.168.58.6
• hostname:oradg2

二.主数据库环境准备

1. 目标库环境重新创建口令文件

su - oracle

orapwd file='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdg1' password=oracle entries=10 force=y

2. lisener监听文件

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg1)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app

4. tnsname.ora

说明：dg1是主库的服务名
$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

TARGETORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )
master =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg1)(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
      )
    )
secondary =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )

5. 检查数据库模式：

   sqlplus /nolog
   conn /as sysdba
   archive log list

(查看数据库是否处于归档模式中)若为非归档,则修改数据库归档模式。

   startup mount
   alter database archivelog
   alter database open

如果数据库打开了，这时要关闭才行:
shutdown immediate
改为归档模式后，再查看：

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     8
Next log sequence to archive   11
Current log sequence           11

为什么要修改为归档模式呢，因为会丢失数据的。不归档那就只有online redo的数据，没有archive redo的数据。

6. rman备份主库

创建rman备份目录
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/myrman
连接到target准备备份
$ rman target /
开始备份:
RMAN> backup format '/u01/app/myrman/fulldb_%d_%U' database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete input;
等待时间可能比较久，成功后会有：完成 backup 于 05-9月 -15
RMAN> quit
之后会将备份拷贝到oradg2服务器上。

三.目标库配置（要恢复的服务器）

1. 新建配置lisener监听文件

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg1)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app

2. 新建tnsname.ora文件

说明：dg1是服务名，oradg1是master主机。
$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

TARGETORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )
master =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg1)(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (CONNECT_DATA =
        (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
      )
    )
secondary =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oradg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )

测试服务名连通性：
tnsping orcl

3. 创建11g数据库基本目录

这里的具体路径，可能每个人的都不同不要照抄，要参考：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+实例名.ora
我的文件是：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initdg1.ora
su - oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/admin/dg1/{adump,dpdump,pfile,scripts}
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1
mkdir -p /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/dg1/
mkdir -p /u01/app/archivelog

4. 拷贝主库口令文件(也可直接创建一个新的口令文件)

su -oracle

$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
$ scp oracle@oradg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdg1  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

5. 拷贝rman备份

$ scp -r oracle@oradg1:/u01/app/myrman /u01/app/

6. 启动到nomount状态

些时先创建一个文件:

$ echo 'db_name=dg1' > $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initdg1.ora

启动nomount状态:

 sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> startup nomount;

四.开始在RMAN duplicate数据库

1. RMAN同进连接主库与备库

$ rman auxiliary /

2. 开始duplicate数据库

RMAN> duplicate target database to dg1 backup location '/u01/app/myrman/' nofilenamecheck;

3. 查看备库状态

说明：duplicate数据库之后，备库只是处于mount状态，查看备库状态。
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
查看备库状态

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

重启数据库、开启监听，可以看到跟原来的库一样。

五.结束语

些时复制数据已经成功了，可以用PL/SQL去试一下，登录密码跟原来的一样。两台机子的实例最好同名，不然会遇到很大麻烦.