分析一个简单的代码
package containers;
//: containers/Unsupported.java
// Unsupported operations in Java containers.
import java.util.*;
public class Unsupported {
static void test(String msg, List<String> list) {
System.out.println("--- " + msg + " ---");
Collection<String> c = list;
Collection<String> subList = list.subList(1,8);
// Copy of the sublist:
Collection<String> c2 = new ArrayList<String>(subList);
try { c.retainAll(c2); } catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("retainAll(): " + e);
}
try { c.removeAll(c2); } catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("removeAll(): " + e);
}
try { c.clear(); } catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("clear(): " + e);
}
try { c.add("X"); } catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("add(): " + e);
}
try { c.addAll(c2); } catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("addAll(): " + e);
}
try { c.remove("C"); } catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("remove(): " + e);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list =
Arrays.asList("A B C D E F G H I J K L".split(" "));
test("Modifiable Copy", new ArrayList<String>(list));
test("Arrays.asList()", list);
}
} /* Output:
--- Modifiable Copy ---
--- Arrays.asList() ---
retainAll(): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
removeAll(): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
clear(): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
add(): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
addAll(): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
remove(): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
*///:~
在main方法中test("Modifiable Copy", new ArrayList<String>(list));这行代码执行没有任何问题。
test("Arrays.asList()", list);代码在执行后,抛出了一堆的异常"java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException”。
分析结果:
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A B C D E F G H I J K L".split(" "));
这行代码通过Arrays.asList生成Stirng[]数组,数组固定的长度,不允许对数组进行增加、删除、等操作。
这行代码test("Modifiable Copy", new ArrayList<String>(list));,将生成的数组,采用ArrayList容器进行封装,经查询源码ArrayList类继承AbstractList并实现List接口,并可以进行增加、删除、等操作。
public class ArrayList extends AbstractList
implements List, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
查看AbstractList源码会发现,如果单单继承AbstractList但未重写add方法,则会抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常。
public abstract class AbstractList extends AbstractCollection implements List {
/**
* Sole constructor. (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically
* implicit.)
*/
protected AbstractList() {
}
public void add(int index, Object element) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}