D3.js 是一种开源的javascript的可视化框架，提供许多可视化工具，以及函数，包括十分便捷的交互技术。
selection.append(name)
在当前选择的每个元素最后追加具有指定名称的新元素，返回包含追加元素的新选择。每个新的元素继承当前元素的数据（如果有的话）以相同的方式对作为自选择的选择。 这个name可以被指定为一个常量字符串或一个函数，返回追加的DOM元素。当name被指定为一个字符串，它可能有以下形式的命名空间前缀“namespace:tag”。例如，“svg:text”将在svg命名空间创建“text”元素。默认情况下，D3支持svg，xhtml，xlink的，xml和xmlns命名空间。其他的命名空间可以通过添加到d3.ns.prefix注册。如果没有指定命名空间，那么命名空间会从封闭的元素继承；或者，如果该名称是已知的前缀之一，相应的命名空间将被使用（例如，“svg”表示“svg:svg”）。
selection.attr(name[, value])
如果指定了value参数，将为所有选中的元素通过指定的name为指定的value设置属性。如果value是一个常数，那么所有的元素都将设置为相同的属性值；如果value是一个函数，那么这个函数会为每个选中的元素（按顺序）计算。入参是当前数据元素d和当前索引i，以及代表当前DOM元素的this上下文。这个函数的返回值接下来用来设置每个元素的属性。null值将移除指定的属性。如果value参数没有指定，就会返回为选择中第一个非空（null）元素所指定的属性值。一般来说，只有当你知道选择中恰好包含一个元素时才有用。指定的name参数也会含有一个前缀，例如xlink:href是用来指定Xlink命名空间中href属性的。默认情况下，D3支持svg、xhtml、xlink、xml和 xmlns命名空间。可以添加d3.ns.prefix来注册其他的命名空间。name也可以是一个name和value属性对象。
selection.call(function[, arguments…])
调用指定的函数一次，通过在当前的选择以及任何可选参数。无论指定函数的返回值是什么，call操作符总是返回当前的选择。call操作符yu调用函数是相同的手动；但它可以更容易地使用方法链。例如，假设我们要在许多不同的地方以同样的方式设置一些属性。我们采取的代码，把它包在一个可重复使用的功能： function foo(selection) { selection .attr("name1", "value1") .attr("name2", "value2"); } 现在我们可以这样写： foo(d3.selectAll("div")); 或者等价的方式： d3.selectAll("div").call(foo); 被调用函数的this上下文也是当前的选择。第一个参数是略显多余的，这我们可能在未来解决。 如果您使用的selection.call的对象，方法和需要this 指向该对象创建之前调用绑定到对象的函数。 function Foo(text) { this.text = text; }
Foo.prototype.setText = function(selection) { selection.text(this.text); }
var bar = new Foo("Bar");
d3.selectAll("span").call(bar.setText.bind(bar)); // Or d3.selectAll("span").call(Foo.prototype.setText.bind(bar));
示例，下面以绘制一个折线图为例，来简述D3的基本用法，
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
body {
font: 10px sans-serif;
}
.axis path,
.axis line {
fill: none;
stroke: #000;
shape-rendering: crispEdges;
}
.x.axis path {
display: none;
}
.line {
fill: none;
stroke: steelblue;
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}
</style>
<body>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/3.5.5/d3.min.js"></script>
<script>
var margin = {top: 20, right: 80, bottom: 30, left: 50},
width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var parseDate = d3.time.format("%Y%m%d").parse;
var x = d3.time.scale()
.range([0, width]);
var y = d3.scale.linear()
.range([height, 0]);
var color = d3.scale.category10();
var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
.scale(x)
.orient("bottom");
var yAxis = d3.svg.axis()
.scale(y)
.orient("left");
var line = d3.svg.line()
.interpolate("basis")
.x(function(d) { return x(d.date); })
.y(function(d) { return y(d.temperature); });
var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
d3.tsv("data.tsv", function(error, data) {
if (error) throw error;
color.domain(d3.keys(data[0]).filter(function(key) { return key !== "date"; }));
data.forEach(function(d) {
d.date = parseDate(d.date);
});
var cities = color.domain().map(function(name) {
return {
name: name,
values: data.map(function(d) {
return {date: d.date, temperature: +d[name]};
})
};
});
x.domain(d3.extent(data, function(d) { return d.date; }));
y.domain([
d3.min(cities, function(c) { return d3.min(c.values, function(v) { return v.temperature; }); }),
d3.max(cities, function(c) { return d3.max(c.values, function(v) { return v.temperature; }); })
]);
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "x axis")
.attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
.call(xAxis);
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "y axis")
.call(yAxis)
.append("text")
.attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
.attr("y", 6)
.attr("dy", ".71em")
.style("text-anchor", "end")
.text("message (piece)");
var city = svg.selectAll(".city")
.data(cities)
.enter().append("g")
.attr("class", "city");
city.append("path")
.attr("class", "line")
.attr("d", function(d) { return line(d.values); })
.style("stroke", function(d) { return color(d.name); });
city.append("text")
.datum(function(d) { return {name: d.name, value: d.values[d.values.length - 1]}; })
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + x(d.value.date) + "," + y(d.value.temperature) + ")"; })
.attr("x", 3)
.attr("dy", ".35em")
.text(function(d) { return d.name; });
});
</script>
读取TSV格式的文件
data.tsv
date New York San Francisco Austin
20111001 63.4 62.7 72.2
20111002 58.0 59.9 67.7
20111003 53.3 59.1 69.4
20111004 55.7 58.8 68.0
20111005 64.2 58.7 72.4
20111006 58.8 57.0 77.0
20111007 57.9 56.7 82.3
20111008 61.8 56.8 78.9
20111009 69.3 56.7 68.8
20111010 71.2 60.1 68.7
20111011 68.7 61.1 70.3
20111012 61.8 61.5 75.3
20111013 63.0 64.3 76.6
20111014 66.9 67.1 66.6
20111015 61.7 64.6 68.0
20111016 61.8 61.6 70.6
20111017 62.8 61.1 71.1
20111018 60.8 59.2 70.0
20111019 62.1 58.9 61.6
20111020 65.1 57.2 57.4
20111021 55.6 56.4 64.3
20111022 54.4 60.7 72.4
20111023 54.4 65.1 72.4
20111024 54.8 60.9 72.5
20111025 57.9 56.1 72.7
20111026 54.6 54.6 73.4
20111027 54.4 56.1 70.7
20111028 42.5 58.1 56.8
20111029 40.9 57.5 51.0
20111030 38.6 57.7 54.9
20111031 44.2 55.1 58.8
20111101 49.6 57.9 62.6
20111102 47.2 64.6 71.0
20111103 50.1 56.2 58.4
20111104 50.1 50.5 45.1
20111105 43.5 51.3 52.2
20111106 43.8 52.6 73.0
20111107 48.9 51.4 75.4
20111108 55.5 50.6 72.1
20111109 53.7 54.6 56.6
20111110 57.7 55.6 55.4
20111111 48.5 53.9 46.7
20111112 46.8 54.0 62.0
20111113 51.1 53.8 71.6
20111114 56.8 53.5 75.5
20111115 59.7 53.4 72.1
20111116 56.5 52.2 65.7
20111117 49.6 52.7 56.8
20111118 41.5 53.1 49.9
20111119 44.3 49.0 71.7
20111120 54.0 50.4 77.7
20111121 54.1 51.1 76.4
20111122 49.4 52.3 68.8
20111123 50.0 54.6 57.0
20111124 44.0 55.1 55.5
20111125 50.3 51.5 61.6
20111126 52.1 53.6 64.1
20111127 49.6 52.3 51.1
20111128 57.2 51.0 43.0
20111129 59.1 49.5 46.4
20111130 50.6 49.8 48.0
20111201 44.3 60.4 48.1
20111202 43.9 62.2 60.6
20111203 42.1 58.3 62.6
20111204 43.9 52.7 57.1
20111205 50.2 51.5 44.2
20111206 54.2 49.9 37.4
20111207 54.6 48.6 35.0
20111208 43.4 46.4 37.0
20111209 42.2 49.8 45.4
20111210 45.0 52.1 50.7
20111211 33.8 48.8 48.6
20111212 36.8 47.4 52.2
20111213 38.6 47.2 60.8
20111214 41.9 46.1 70.0
20111215 49.6 48.8 64.2
20111216 50.2 47.9 50.9
20111217 40.6 49.8 51.6
20111218 29.1 49.1 55.2
20111219 33.7 48.3 62.1
20111220 45.8 49.3 56.3
20111221 47.4 48.4 47.2
20111222 54.4 53.3 52.3
20111223 47.8 47.5 45.2
20111224 34.9 47.9 43.6
20111225 35.9 48.9 42.9
20111226 43.6 45.9 48.2
20111227 42.9 47.2 45.4
20111228 46.2 48.9 44.2
20111229 30.8 50.9 50.4
20111230 40.8 52.9 52.4
20111231 49.8 50.1 53.5
20120101 46.3 53.9 55.9
20120102 43.2 53.1 48.2
20120103 30.3 49.7 41.0
20120104 19.2 52.7 48.9
20120105 32.1 52.6 54.8
20120106 41.2 49.0 61.2
20120107 47.0 51.0 59.7
20120108 46.0 56.8 52.5
20120109 34.7 52.3 54.0
20120110 39.4 51.6 47.7
20120111 40.4 49.8 49.2
20120112 45.4 51.9 48.4
20120113 40.7 53.7 40.2
20120114 30.4 52.9 43.9
20120115 23.9 49.7 45.2
20120116 22.6 45.3 65.0
20120117 39.8 43.6 68.2
20120118 43.2 45.0 47.5
20120119 26.3 47.3 57.1
20120120 32.8 51.4 61.9
20120121 27.4 53.7 54.6
20120122 25.0 48.3 56.7
20120123 39.4 52.9 54.4
20120124 48.7 49.1 52.7
20120125 43.0 52.1 61.8
20120126 37.1 53.6 55.0
20120127 48.2 50.4 50.7
20120128 43.7 50.3 52.9
20120129 40.1 53.8 44.4
20120130 38.0 51.9 49.1
20120131 43.5 50.0 62.8
20120201 50.4 50.0 64.6
20120202 45.8 51.3 61.1
20120203 37.5 51.5 70.0
20120204 40.8 52.0 61.3
20120205 36.5 53.8 48.2
20120206 39.1 54.6 44.2
20120207 43.2 54.3 51.3
20120208 36.5 51.9 49.2
20120209 36.5 53.8 45.7
20120210 38.3 53.9 54.1
20120211 36.9 52.3 44.9
20120212 29.7 50.1 36.5
20120213 33.1 49.5 44.8
20120214 39.6 48.6 52.3
20120215 42.3 49.9 68.0
20120216 39.7 52.4 54.6
20120217 46.0 49.9 53.8
20120218 41.2 51.6 56.2
20120219 39.8 47.8 50.8
20120220 38.1 48.7 53.0
20120221 37.1 49.7 61.0
20120222 45.5 53.4 68.8
20120223 50.6 54.1 69.4
20120224 42.7 55.9 59.3
20120225 42.6 51.7 47.2
20120226 36.9 47.7 47.7
20120227 40.9 45.4 61.9
20120228 45.9 47.0 67.2
20120229 40.7 49.8 70.1
20120301 41.3 48.9 62.1
20120302 36.8 48.1 72.7
20120303 47.6 50.7 59.0
20120304 44.2 55.0 51.8
20120305 38.5 48.8 55.0
20120306 32.9 48.4 61.8
20120307 43.3 49.9 67.1
20120308 51.2 49.2 72.0
20120309 47.8 51.7 46.4
20120310 37.2 49.3 46.7
20120311 42.9 50.0 56.9
20120312 48.8 48.6 61.9
20120313 52.6 53.9 68.8
20120314 60.5 55.2 71.9
20120315 47.2 55.9 72.0
20120316 44.7 54.6 72.5
20120317 48.2 48.2 71.7
20120318 48.2 47.1 71.1
20120319 53.1 45.8 73.0
20120320 57.8 49.7 63.8
20120321 57.5 51.4 60.0
20120322 57.3 51.4 62.3
20120323 61.7 48.4 61.1
20120324 55.8 49.0 62.0
20120325 48.4 46.4 64.6
20120326 49.8 49.7 66.0
20120327 39.6 54.1 65.8
20120328 49.7 54.6 69.2
20120329 56.8 52.3 69.5
20120330 46.5 54.5 73.5
20120331 42.2 56.2 73.9
20120401 45.3 51.1 75.3
20120402 48.1 50.5 75.4
20120403 51.2 52.2 77.3
20120404 61.0 50.6 67.0
20120405 50.7 47.9 71.1
20120406 48.0 47.4 70.4
20120407 51.1 49.4 73.6
20120408 55.7 50.0 71.1
20120409 58.3 51.3 70.0
20120410 55.0 53.8 69.0
20120411 49.0 52.9 69.2
20120412 51.7 53.9 74.5
20120413 53.1 50.2 73.4
20120414 55.2 50.9 76.0
20120415 62.3 51.5 74.5
20120416 62.9 51.9 63.6
20120417 69.3 53.2 67.3
20120418 59.0 53.0 65.1
20120419 54.1 55.1 67.9
20120420 56.5 55.8 68.9
20120421 58.2 58.0 65.1
20120422 52.4 52.8 65.4
20120423 51.6 55.1 70.1
20120424 49.3 57.9 67.0
20120425 52.5 57.5 75.4
20120426 50.5 55.3 77.5
20120427 51.9 53.5 77.0
20120428 47.4 54.7 77.7
20120429 54.1 54.0 77.7
20120430 51.9 53.4 77.7
20120501 57.4 52.7 77.0
20120502 53.7 50.7 77.9
20120503 53.1 52.6 79.1
20120504 57.2 53.4 80.1
20120505 57.0 53.1 82.1
20120506 56.6 56.5 79.0
20120507 54.6 55.3 79.8
20120508 57.9 52.0 70.0
20120509 59.2 52.4 69.8
20120510 61.1 53.4 71.3
20120511 59.7 53.1 69.4
20120512 64.1 49.9 72.0
20120513 65.3 52.0 72.4
20120514 64.2 56.0 72.5
20120515 62.0 53.0 67.6
20120516 63.8 51.0 69.0
20120517 64.5 51.4 72.7
20120518 61.0 52.2 73.7
20120519 62.6 52.4 77.5
20120520 66.2 54.5 75.8
20120521 62.7 52.8 76.9
20120522 63.7 53.9 78.8
20120523 66.4 56.5 77.7
20120524 64.5 54.7 80.6
20120525 65.4 52.5 81.4
20120526 69.4 52.1 82.3
20120527 71.9 52.2 80.3
20120528 74.4 52.9 80.3
20120529 75.9 52.1 82.2
20120530 72.9 52.1 81.9
20120531 72.5 53.3 82.4
20120601 67.2 54.8 77.9
20120602 68.3 54.0 81.1
20120603 67.7 52.3 82.2
20120604 61.9 55.3 81.2
20120605 58.3 53.5 83.0
20120606 61.7 54.1 83.2
20120607 66.7 53.9 82.1
20120608 68.7 54.4 77.5
20120609 72.2 55.0 77.9
20120610 72.6 60.0 82.9
20120611 69.2 57.2 86.8
20120612 66.9 55.1 85.3
20120613 66.7 53.3 76.9
20120614 67.7 53.4 84.5
20120615 68.5 54.6 84.4
20120616 67.5 57.0 83.8
20120617 64.2 55.6 82.5
20120618 61.7 52.5 82.9
20120619 66.4 53.9 82.5
20120620 77.9 55.3 81.3
20120621 88.3 53.3 80.8
20120622 82.2 54.1 81.7
20120623 77.0 55.2 83.9
20120624 75.4 55.8 85.5
20120625 70.9 56.8 87.2
20120626 65.9 57.5 88.0
20120627 73.5 57.7 89.6
20120628 77.4 56.6 86.7
20120629 79.6 56.4 85.3
20120630 84.2 58.4 81.7
20120701 81.8 58.8 78.5
20120702 82.5 56.4 83.1
20120703 80.2 56.5 83.1
20120704 77.8 55.8 84.5
20120705 86.1 54.8 84.6
20120706 79.9 54.9 84.2
20120707 83.5 54.7 86.7
20120708 81.5 52.8 84.3
20120709 77.8 53.7 83.7
20120710 76.1 53.1 77.1
20120711 76.3 52.7 77.4
20120712 75.8 52.0 80.6
20120713 77.2 53.4 81.4
20120714 79.3 54.0 80.2
20120715 78.9 54.0 81.8
20120716 79.6 54.5 77.3
20120717 83.3 56.7 80.8
20120718 84.3 57.5 81.6
20120719 75.1 57.1 80.9
20120720 68.4 58.1 83.9
20120721 68.4 57.6 85.6
20120722 72.2 56.0 83.6
20120723 75.6 56.6 84.0
20120724 82.6 57.8 83.0
20120725 78.4 57.5 84.8
20120726 77.0 56.4 84.4
20120727 79.4 55.3 84.3
20120728 77.4 55.0 83.9
20120729 72.5 55.6 85.0
20120730 72.9 55.6 84.9
20120731 73.6 55.9 86.3
20120801 75.0 55.4 86.5
20120802 77.7 54.4 85.8
20120803 79.7 53.7 85.3
20120804 79.6 54.1 86.0
20120805 81.5 57.8 84.2
20120806 80.0 58.2 81.9
20120807 75.7 58.0 86.5
20120808 77.8 57.0 86.1
20120809 78.6 55.0 86.8
20120810 77.8 54.8 88.0
20120811 78.5 53.0 85.1
20120812 78.8 52.5 87.4
20120813 78.6 53.3 88.0
20120814 76.8 53.9 88.0
20120815 76.7 56.2 87.2
20120816 75.9 57.1 86.1
20120817 77.6 55.3 86.8
20120818 72.6 56.2 84.9
20120819 70.4 54.3 76.8
20120820 71.8 53.1 80.6
20120821 73.6 53.4 80.0
20120822 74.7 54.5 78.2
20120823 74.6 55.7 79.1
20120824 76.0 54.8 81.9
20120825 76.2 53.8 84.7
20120826 73.4 56.5 83.5
20120827 74.6 58.3 82.1
20120828 79.4 58.7 84.0
20120829 74.7 57.5 85.7
20120830 73.5 55.9 87.2
20120831 77.9 55.4 82.9
20120901 80.7 55.7 84.8
20120902 75.1 53.1 83.9
20120903 73.5 53.5 85.5
20120904 73.5 52.5 86.4
20120905 77.7 54.5 85.8
20120906 74.2 56.3 85.4
20120907 76.0 56.4 85.3
20120908 77.1 56.5 81.9
20120909 69.7 56.4 74.8
20120910 67.8 55.4 71.6
20120911 64.0 56.2 75.9
20120912 68.1 55.7 82.1
20120913 69.3 54.3 80.5
20120914 70.0 55.2 70.0
20120915 69.3 54.3 71.2
20120916 66.3 52.9 70.3
20120917 67.0 54.8 72.1
20120918 72.8 54.8 73.7
20120919 67.2 56.8 72.7
20120920 62.1 55.4 71.7
20120921 64.0 55.8 72.9
20120922 65.5 55.9 73.1
20120923 65.7 52.8 75.6
20120924 60.4 54.5 78.3
20120925 63.2 53.3 78.3
20120926 68.5 53.6 79.6
20120927 69.2 52.1 76.4
20120928 68.7 52.6 77.2
20120929 62.5 53.9 75.2
20120930 62.3 55.1 71.9注意，该网页最好发布到服务器上，否则会出现request 的get 请求 拒绝访问 data.tsv 的错误。
因为，D3.js 部分请求需要服务器的环境，因此，将上述网页部署在服务器上即可解决。
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