使用SNMP4J可以很方便的实现一个SNMP NMS的功能。
对于SNMPv1/SNMPv2,简单的说,只需要以下几个步骤
1) 创建Snmp对象snmp
2) 创建CommunityTarget对象target,并指定community, version, address, timeout, retry等参数。
3) 创建PDU对象pdu,并指定操作类型(GET/GETNEXT/GETBULK/SET), 添加VariableBinding(也就是待操作的OID),
如果是GETBULK操作,还可以指定MaxRepetitions和NonRepeaters。
注意一定要指定MaxRepetitions,默认值是0,那样不会返回任何结果。
4) 调用snmp.send(pdu, target)方法,发送请求请返回结果。
此外,SNMP4J提供了TableUtils类,可以很轻松的实现一个SNMP Walk的功能,比如一次返回一个表格下面的所有MIB值。
TableUtils类还支持指定ower bound index 和 upper bound index, 得到更小范围的结果以提高性能。这一点对于从一个很多行的表中取一部分行的数据来说很重要。
Snmp还支持异步的send方法。
下面的代码实例实现了GET, GETNEXT, GETBULK, Walk, SET操作,
以及一个利用异步send方法实现的agent discovery: 对一个广播地址发送请求,等待agent返回的应答。
如果需要对一个范围内的IP进行扫描,可以稍加改进,反复调用异步send多次发送给不同IP。
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Vector;
- import org.snmp4j.CommunityTarget;
- import org.snmp4j.PDU;
- import org.snmp4j.Snmp;
- import org.snmp4j.event.ResponseEvent;
- import org.snmp4j.event.ResponseListener;
- import org.snmp4j.mp.SnmpConstants;
- import org.snmp4j.smi.OID;
- import org.snmp4j.smi.OctetString;
- import org.snmp4j.smi.UdpAddress;
- import org.snmp4j.smi.VariableBinding;
- import org.snmp4j.transport.DefaultUdpTransportMapping;
- import org.snmp4j.util.DefaultPDUFactory;
- import org.snmp4j.util.TableEvent;
- import org.snmp4j.util.TableUtils;
- public class SNMPv2Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- Snmp snmp = new Snmp(new DefaultUdpTransportMapping());
- snmp.listen();
- CommunityTarget target = new CommunityTarget();
- target.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
- target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
- target.setAddress(new UdpAddress("192.168.0.100/161"));
- target.setTimeout(3000); //3s
- target.setRetries(1);
- sendRequest(snmp, createGetPdu(), target);
- sendRequest(snmp, createGetNextPdu(), target);
- sendRequest(snmp, createGetBulkPdu(), target);
- snmpWalk(snmp, target);
- target.setCommunity(new OctetString("private"));
- sendRequest(snmp, createSetPdu(), target);
- CommunityTarget broadcastTarget = new CommunityTarget();
- broadcastTarget.setCommunity(new OctetString("public"));
- broadcastTarget.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
- broadcastTarget.setAddress(new UdpAddress("192.168.0.255/161"));
- broadcastTarget.setTimeout(5000); //5s
- sendAsyncRequest(snmp, createGetNextPdu(), broadcastTarget);
- Thread.sleep(6000); //main thread wait 6s for the completion of asynchronous request
- }
- private static PDU createGetPdu() {
- PDU pdu = new PDU();
- pdu.setType(PDU.GET);
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0"))); //sysUpTime
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0"))); //sysName
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5"))); //expect an no_such_instance error
- return pdu;
- }
- private static PDU createGetNextPdu() {
- PDU pdu = new PDU();
- pdu.setType(PDU.GETNEXT);
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3"))); //sysUpTime
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5"))); //sysName
- return pdu;
- }
- private static PDU createGetBulkPdu() {
- PDU pdu = new PDU();
- pdu.setType(PDU.GETBULK);
- pdu.setMaxRepetitions(10); //must set it, default is 0
- pdu.setNonRepeaters(0);
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1"))); //system
- return pdu;
- }
- private static PDU createSetPdu() {
- PDU pdu = new PDU();
- pdu.setType(PDU.SET);
- pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0"), new OctetString("sysname"))); //sysName
- return pdu;
- }
- private static void sendRequest(Snmp snmp, PDU pdu, CommunityTarget target)
- throws IOException {
- ResponseEvent responseEvent = snmp.send(pdu, target);
- PDU response = responseEvent.getResponse();
- if (response == null) {
- System.out.println("TimeOut...");
- } else {
- if (response.getErrorStatus() == PDU.noError) {
- Vector<? extends VariableBinding> vbs = response.getVariableBindings();
- for (VariableBinding vb : vbs) {
- System.out.println(vb + " ," + vb.getVariable().getSyntaxString());
- }
- } else {
- System.out.println("Error:" + response.getErrorStatusText());
- }
- }
- }
- private static void sendAsyncRequest(Snmp snmp, PDU pdu, CommunityTarget target)
- throws IOException {
- snmp.send(pdu, target, null, new ResponseListener(){
- @Override
- public void onResponse(ResponseEvent event) {
- PDU response = event.getResponse();
- System.out.println("Got response from " + event.getPeerAddress());
- if (response == null) {
- System.out.println("TimeOut...");
- } else {
- if (response.getErrorStatus() == PDU.noError) {
- Vector<? extends VariableBinding> vbs = response.getVariableBindings();
- for (VariableBinding vb : vbs) {
- System.out.println(vb + " ," + vb.getVariable().getSyntaxString());
- }
- } else {
- System.out.println("Error:" + response.getErrorStatusText());
- }
- }
- }});
- }
- private static void snmpWalk(Snmp snmp, CommunityTarget target) {
- TableUtils utils = new TableUtils(snmp, new DefaultPDUFactory(PDU.GETBULK));//GETNEXT or GETBULK
- utils.setMaxNumRowsPerPDU(5); //only for GETBULK, set max-repetitions, default is 10
- OID[] columnOids = new OID[] {
- new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.2"), //sysORID
- new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3"), //sysORDescr
- new OID("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.5") //wrong OID, expect an null in in VariableBinding array
- };
- // If not null, all returned rows have an index in a range (lowerBoundIndex, upperBoundIndex]
- List<TableEvent> l = utils.getTable(target, columnOids, new OID("3"), new OID("10"));
- for (TableEvent e : l) {
- System.out.println(e);
- }
- }
- }