String to Integer (atoi)

首先根据位数初步判断待转换的数是否超过int数据类型的表示范围，接着用long long类型承载待转换的数，判断是否超过int数据类型的范围，最后将long long类型变量承载的数赋值给int类型的变量。这里编译器会发出警告，“warning C4244: “=”: 从“__int64”转换到“int”，可能丢失数据”，暂时忽略，以后继续研究。

<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:18px;">#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cctype>
using namespace std;

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {
		string::iterator iter1;

		for(iter1 = str.begin(); iter1 != str.end(); ) {
			if(isspace(*iter1) == false)
				break;
			iter1++;
		}

		if(iter1 == str.end()) {
			//cout << "no non-whitespace sequence" << endl;
			//getchar();
			return 0;
		}
	
		string::iterator iter2;
		iter2 = iter1 + 1;
		if(*iter1 == '-' || *iter1 == '+') {
			if(isdigit(*iter2) == 0) {
				//cout << "no valid sequence" << endl;
				//getchar();
				return 0;
			}
		}else if(isdigit(*iter1) != 0) {
		} else {
			//cout << "no valid sequence" << endl;
			//getchar();
			return 0;
		}
	
		string::iterator itertmp1;
		int counter = 0;
		for(itertmp1 = iter1; itertmp1 != str.end();) {
			if(itertmp1 == iter1) {
				if(isdigit(*itertmp1) == 0){
				} else {
					counter++;
				}
				itertmp1++;
				if(isdigit(*itertmp1) == 0)
					break;
			}else {
				counter++;
				itertmp1++;
				if(isdigit(*itertmp1) == 0)
					break;
			}
		}

		char *chararr = new char[counter + 1];
		if(*iter1 == '-')
			chararr[0] = '-';
		else
			chararr[0] = '+';
		
		string::iterator itertmp2;
		int tmp;
		itertmp2 = iter1;
		tmp = 1;
		for(; tmp <= counter; ) {
			if(itertmp2 == iter1) {
				if(isdigit(*itertmp2) != 0) {
					chararr[tmp] = *itertmp2;
					tmp++;
					itertmp2++;
				}else
					itertmp2++;
			}else {
				chararr[tmp] = *itertmp2;
				tmp++;
				itertmp2++;
			}
		}

		if(counter > 10)
			if(chararr[0] == '-') {
				//cout << "exceed negative bound" << endl;
				//getchar();
				return -2147483648;
			}else {
				//cout << "exceed optive bound" << endl;
				//getchar();
				return 2147483647;
			}

		long long bufferLongInt = 0;
		int i;
		int result;
		int weight = 1;
		for(i = counter;i >= 1; i--) {
			bufferLongInt += (chararr[i] - 48) * weight;
			weight *= 10;
		}

		if(chararr[0] == '-')
			if(bufferLongInt > 2147483648) {
				//cout << "exceed negative bound" << endl;
				//getchar();
				return -2147483648;
			}else {
				result = -bufferLongInt;
				//cout << result << endl;
				//getchar();
				return result;
			}
		else
			if(bufferLongInt > 2147483647) {
				//cout << "exceed optive bound" << endl;
				//getchar();
				return 2147483647;
			}else {
				result = bufferLongInt;
				//cout << result << endl;
				//getchar();
				return result;
			}
    }
};

int main() {
	string str = "  2147483648%#134 ";
	Solution solution;
	cout << solution.myAtoi(str) << endl;
	getchar();
	
}</span>