经过Gson最简单入门，Gson常用用法之后，再探讨一下Gson中的高级主题.这里主要讨论两个，对象的嵌套&&对象的引用.
对象嵌套
- 定义要解析的POJO——Book&&Author
package com.example;
public class Author {
private int id;
private String name;
//getter && setter
//为了便于观察效果，这里重载一下toString
@Override
public String toString() {
return "id: "+id+"\tname: "+name;
}package com.example;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Book {
private Author[] authors;
private String title;
//getter && setter
//为了便于观察效果，这里重载一下toString
@Override
public String toString() {
String infoMsg = "Book POJO msg as follow:\n";
System.out.println(infoMsg);
return "title: " + title + "\t\t\tauthors: " + Arrays.toString(authors);
}使用Annotation
- 调用&&测试
这里Author&&Book中的成员变量和JSON中的key一致
package com.example;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
// Configure GSON
final GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
//在生产环境中最好屏蔽，由于JSON格式化，可能产生大的JSON对象
gsonBuilder.setPrettyPrinting();
final Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
final Book javaPuzzlers = new Book();
javaPuzzlers.setTitle("English ABC");
Author authorA=new Author();
authorA.setId(1235);
authorA.setName("gu");
Author authorB=new Author();
authorB .setId(1432);
authorB.setName("hang");
Author[] authors={authorA,authorB};
javaPuzzlers.setAuthors(authors);
// Format to JSON
final String json = gson.toJson(javaPuzzlers);
System.out.println(json);
}
}打印结果：
{
"authors": [
{
"id": 1235,
"name": "gu"
},
{
"id": 1432,
"name": "hang"
}
],
"title": "English ABC"
}当然了，如果成员变量名称不一致，采用SerializedName Annotation也可。不熟悉的同学请看这里.
使用自定义Serializer&&Deserializer
- 完成Book序列化方法
这个与之前的大致相同，不同点就是对于内嵌对象的处理上，
package com.example;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
public class BookSerializer implements JsonSerializer<Book> {
@Override
public JsonElement serialize(final Book book, final Type typeOfSrc, final JsonSerializationContext context) {
final JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
jsonObject.addProperty("title", book.getTitle());
//*******************************************************
JsonElement authorElement = context.serialize(book.getAuthors(), Author[].class);
//*******************************************************
jsonObject.add("authors", authorElement);
return jsonObject;
}
}
仅仅调用这一句，就可以完成内嵌对象的解析.
这个context就去调用内嵌对象Author的serialize()，去完成对象的序列化，自然内嵌对象的序列化就和之前讲的Gson的常用操作没有任何区别.
注意：
public JsonElement serialize(Object src, Type typeOfSrc);
java中Book数组代表的Type就为Book[].class;
如果是一个单独的Book对象，自然就写成Book.class;
如果是一个List<Book>
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
Type type=new TypeToken<List<Book>>(){}.getType();- 调用&&测试
package com.example;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
final GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.setPrettyPrinting();
//注册自定义序列化接口
gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(Book.class,new BookSerializer());
//如果Author也使用了自定义Serializer，也需要在这里进行注册
final Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
final Book javaPuzzlers = new Book();
javaPuzzlers.setTitle("English ABC");
Author authorA=new Author();
authorA.setId(1235);
authorA.setName("gu");
Author authorB=new Author();
authorB .setId(1432);
authorB.setName("hang");
Author[] authors={authorA,authorB};
javaPuzzlers.setAuthors(authors);
// Format to JSON
final String json = gson.toJson(javaPuzzlers);
System.out.println(json);
}
}测试结果：
{
"authors": [
{
"id": 1235,
"name": "gu"
},
{
"id": 1432,
"name": "hang"
}
],
"title": "English ABC"
}
反序列话非常类似，在这里罗列一下代码.
package com.example;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
public class BookDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<Book> {
@Override
public Book deserialize(JsonElement jsonElement, Type type, JsonDeserializationContext jsonDeserializationContext) throws JsonParseException {
JsonObject jsonObject = jsonElement.getAsJsonObject();
JsonElement titleElement = jsonObject.get("title");
String title = "";
//注意：如果要反序列化的JSON中没有title这个key，不进行null判断，会崩溃
if (titleElement != null) {
title = titleElement.getAsString();
}
//*******************************反序列化内嵌对象***********
Author[] authors = jsonDeserializationContext.deserialize(jsonObject.get("authors"), Author[].class);
//*********************************反序列化内嵌对象***********
Book book = new Book();
book.setTitle(title);
book.setAuthors(authors);
return book;
}
}
- 调用&&测试
package com.example;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static final String TEST="{\n" +
" \"authors\": [\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 1235,\n" +
" \"name\": \"gu\"\n" +
" },\n" +
" {\n" +
" \"id\": 1432,\n" +
" \"name\": \"hang\"\n" +
" }\n" +
" ],\n" +
" \"title\": \"English ABC\"\n" +
"}";
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
final GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.setPrettyPrinting();
//注册自定义反序列化接口
gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(Book.class,new BookSerializer());
//如果Author也使用了自定义Serializer，也需要在这里进行注册
final Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
Book book=gson.fromJson(TEST,Book.class);
System.out.println(book);
}
}测试结果：
Book POJO msg as follow:
title: English ABC authors: [id: 1235 name: gu, id: 1432 name: hang]对象引用
{
'authors': [
{
'id': 1,
'name': 'Joshua Bloch'
},
{
'id': 2,
'name': 'Neal Gafter'
}
],
'books': [
{
'title': 'Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases',
'authors':[1, 2]
},
{
'title': 'Effective Java (2nd Edition)',
'authors':[1]
}
]
}客户端接收到这样的数据，如何填充Book中的Author的name字段呢？下面就探究其中的一种实现.
1.将上述Gson格式字段保存到项目根路径下的Input.json文件中.
2.定义新的类型Data用于接收全部数据
package com.example;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Data {
private Author[] authors;
private Book[] books;
//getter && setter
//重载toString
@Override
public String toString() {
return "authors: "+ Arrays.toString(authors)+"\tbooks:"+Arrays.toString(books);
}3.定义AuthorDeserializer完成反序列化
package com.example;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
public class AuthorDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<Author> {
private final ThreadLocal<Map<Integer, Author>> cache = new ThreadLocal<Map<Integer, Author>>() {
@Override
protected Map<Integer, Author> initialValue() {
return new HashMap<>();
}
};
@Override
public Author deserialize(final JsonElement json, final Type typeOfT, final JsonDeserializationContext context)
throws JsonParseException {
// Only the ID is available
if (json.isJsonPrimitive()) {
final JsonPrimitive primitive = json.getAsJsonPrimitive();
return getOrCreate(primitive.getAsInt());
}
// The whole object is available
if (json.isJsonObject()) {
final JsonObject jsonObject = json.getAsJsonObject();
final Author author = getOrCreate(jsonObject.get("id").getAsInt());
author.setName(jsonObject.get("name").getAsString());
return author;
}
throw new JsonParseException("Unexpected JSON type: " + json.getClass().getSimpleName());
}
private Author getOrCreate(final int id) {
Author author = cache.get().get(id);
if (author == null) {
author = new Author();
author.setId(id);
cache.get().put(id, author);
}
return author;
}
}这里ThreadLocal<Map<Integer, Author>> cache持有了所有Author对象的引用，并且将相同id的Author指向同一个Author，这与指针挺像，修改id对应的Author将会修改所有持有该id的Author.
package com.example;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
public class Main {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
final GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.setPrettyPrinting();
//注册自定义反序列化接口
gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(Author.class, new AuthorDeserializer());
try (Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("Input.json"))) {
final Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
Data data = gson.fromJson(reader, Data.class);
System.out.println(data);
}
}
}测试结果：
authors: [id: 1 name: Joshua Bloch, id: 2 name: Neal Gafter] books:[title: Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases authors: [id: 1 name: Joshua Bloch, id: 2 name: Neal Gafter], title: Effective Java (2nd Edition) authors: [id: 1 name: Joshua Bloch]]
参考地址：http://www.javacreed.com/gson-deserialiser-example/
引入
package com.example;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
public class Example1 {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
final GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.setPrettyPrinting();
final Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
final Author joshuaBloch = new Author();
joshuaBloch.setId(1);
joshuaBloch.setName("Joshua Bloch");
final Author nealGafter = new Author();
nealGafter.setId(2);
nealGafter.setName("Neal Gafter");
final Book javaPuzzlers = new Book();
javaPuzzlers.setTitle("Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases");
javaPuzzlers.setAuthors(new Author[] { joshuaBloch, nealGafter });
final Book effectiveJava = new Book();
effectiveJava.setTitle("Effective Java (2nd Edition)");
effectiveJava.setAuthors(new Author[] { joshuaBloch });
final Book[] books = new Book[] { javaPuzzlers, effectiveJava };
final String json = gson.toJson(books);
System.out.println(json);
}
}打印结果：
[
{
"authors": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Joshua Bloch"
},
{
"id": 2,
"name": "Neal Gafter"
}
],
"title": "Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases"
},
{
"authors": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Joshua Bloch"
}
],
"title": "Effective Java (2nd Edition)"
}
]很显然这里id=1的author出现了两次，可以缩减为1？
- 在Book中添加一个返回id数组的方法
public int[] getAuthorsIds() {
final int[] ids = new int[authors.length];
for (int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
ids[i] = authors[i].getId();
}
return ids;
}- 修改BookSerializer方法，Author字段仅仅填充ids
package com.example;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer;
public class BookSerializer implements JsonSerializer<Book> {
@Override
public JsonElement serialize(final Book book, final Type typeOfSrc, final JsonSerializationContext context) {
final JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonObject();
jsonObject.addProperty("title", book.getTitle());
final JsonElement jsonAuthors = context.serialize(book.getAuthorsIds());
// old: JsonElement authorElement = context.serialize(book.getAuthors(), Author[].class);
jsonObject.add("authors", jsonAuthors);
return jsonObject;
}
}- 调用&&测试
package com.example;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
public class Example1 {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IOException {
Book[] books = null;
//制造数据
{
final Author joshuaBloch = new Author();
joshuaBloch.setId(1);
joshuaBloch.setName("Joshua Bloch");
final Author nealGafter = new Author();
nealGafter.setId(2);
nealGafter.setName("Neal Gafter");
final Book javaPuzzlers = new Book();
javaPuzzlers.setTitle("Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases");
javaPuzzlers.setAuthors(new Author[]{joshuaBloch, nealGafter});
final Book effectiveJava = new Book();
effectiveJava.setTitle("Effective Java (2nd Edition)");
effectiveJava.setAuthors(new Author[]{joshuaBloch});
books = new Book[]{javaPuzzlers, effectiveJava};
}
//精简冗余数据
{
GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(Book.class, new BookSerializer());
Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
String bookArrString = gson.toJson(books);
System.out.println(bookArrString);
}
}
}打印结果：
[
{
"title": "Java Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases",
"authors": [
1,
2
]
},
{
"title": "Effective Java (2nd Edition)",
"authors": [
1
]
}
]
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