Effective STL学习笔记-条款36

了解copy_if的正确实现

先看copy和copy_if的使用小demo:

    vector<int> from(10);
    std::iota(from.begin(), from.end(), 0); //0 - 9

    vector<int> to;
    //copy 
    std::copy(from.begin(), from.end(),
        back_inserter(to));

    std::copy(to.begin(), to.end(),
        std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));

    vector<int> to_;
    //copy_if
    std::copy_if(from.begin(), from.end(), back_inserter(to_), [=](const int value)
    {
        return value > 5;
    });

    std::copy(to_.begin(), to_.end(),
        std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));

打印如下，0-9是to的容器你内容，6-9是to_的容器内容：

copy和copy_if的实现如下：

template<class InputIt, class OutputIt>
OutputIt copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, 
              OutputIt d_first)
{
    while (first != last) {
        *d_first++ = *first++;
    }
    return d_first;
}

template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryPredicate>
OutputIt copy_if(InputIt first, InputIt last, 
                 OutputIt d_first, UnaryPredicate pred)
{
    while (first != last) {
        if (pred(*first))
            *d_first++ = *first;
        first++;
    }
    return d_first;
}