为了使类属算法具有灵活性,STL常使用函数的重载机制为算法提供两种形式。算法的第一种形式使用的是常规的操作来实现。第二种形式中,算法可以根据用户指定的准测对元素经行处理。
函数对象包含了一个可以通过函数调用运算符()使用的函数。实际上,函数对象是重载了函数调用运算符operator()的类模板。
用户可以创建自己的函数对象。STL提供了算术函数对象,关系函数对象,逻辑函数对象。
算术函数对象:
- plus<type> 加
- minus<type> 减
- multiplies<type> 乘
- divides<type> 除
- modulus<type> 模
- negate<type> 取反
示例代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <numeric>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
int functAdd(plus<int>,int,int);
int main() {
// 加法函数对象
plus<int> addNum;
int sum = addNum(34,56);
cout << "Sum=" << sum << endl;
// 字符串拼接
plus<string> joinString;
string s1 = "hello";
string s2 = "There";
string str = joinString(s1,s2);
cout << "str=" << str << endl;
// 调用外部函数
cout << "funcAdd=" << functAdd(addNum,34,26) << endl;
int list[8] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
vector<int> intsList(list,list+8);
ostream_iterator<int> screenOut(cout, " ");
cout << "intList:";
copy(intsList.begin(),intsList.end(),screenOut);
cout << endl;
//累计
int suma = accumulate(intsList.begin(),intsList.end(),0);
cout << "accumulate:" << suma << endl;
int product = accumulate(intsList.begin(),intsList.end(),1,multiplies<int>());
cout << "product:" << product << endl;
return 0;
}
int functAdd(plus<int> sum,int x,int y) {
return sum(x, y);
}
运行结果:
intQueue.front:26
intQueue.back:33
intQueue.front:18
intQueue :
18 50 33
关系函数对象:
- equal_to<type> 等于
- not_equal_to<type> 不等于
- greater<type> 大于
- greater_equal<type> 大于等于
- less<type> 小于
- less_equal<type> 小于等于
示例代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <numeric>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// 等于
equal_to<int> compare;
bool isEqual = compare(6,6);
cout << "isEqual=" << isEqual << endl;
// 大于
greater<string> greaterString;
string s1 = "hello";
string s2 = "there";
if (greaterString(s1, s2))
{
cout << s1 << " is greater than " << s2 << endl;
} else {
cout << s2 << " is greater than " << s1 << endl;
}
int temp[8] = {2,3,4,5,1,7,8,9};
vector<int> vecList(temp,temp+8);
vector<int>::iterator intItr1,intItr2;
ostream_iterator<int> screen(cout, " ");
cout << "vecList:" <<endl;
copy(vecList.begin(),vecList.end(),screen);
cout << endl;
intItr1 = adjacent_find(vecList.begin(),vecList.end(),greater<int>());
intItr2 = intItr1 + 1;
cout << "intItr1:" << *intItr1 <<",intItr2:" << *intItr2 << endl;
cout << "psition:" << vecList.end() - intItr2 << endl;
cout << "psition:" << intItr2 - vecList.begin() << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
isEqual=1
there is greater than hello
vecList:
2 3 4 5 1 7 8 9
intItr1:5,intItr2:1
psition:4
psition:4
逻辑运算对象:
- logical_not<type>
- logical_and<type>
- logical_or<type>