基于Linux ALSA音频驱动的wav文件解析及播放程序

本设计思路：

先打开一个普通wav音频文件，从定义的文件头前面的44个字节中，取出文件头的定义消息，置于一个文件头的结构体中。

然后打开alsa音频驱动，从文件头结构体取出采样精度，声道数，采样频率三个重要参数，利用alsa音频驱动的API设置好参数，最后打开wav文件。

定位到数据区，把音频数据依次写到音频驱动中去，开始播放，当写入完成后，退出写入的循环。

 

注意：本设计需要alsa的libasound-dev的库，编译链接时需要连接—lasound.

 

 

#include
#include
#include
#include

struct WAV_HEADER
{
char rld[4]; //riff 标志符号
int rLen;
char wld[4]; //格式类型（wave）
char fld[4]; //"fmt"

int fLen; //sizeof(wave format matex)

short wFormatTag; //编码格式
short wChannels; //声道数
int nSamplesPersec ; //采样频率
intnAvgBitsPerSample;//WAVE文件采样大小
short wBlockAlign; //块对齐
short wBitsPerSample;//WAVE文件采样大小

char dld[4]; //”data“
int wSampleLength; //音频数据的大小

} wav_header;

int set_pcm_play(FILE *fp);

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{

if(argc!=2)
{
printf("Usage:wav-player+wav file name\n");
exit(1);
}

int nread;
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen(argv[1],"rb");
if(fp==NULL)
{
perror("open file failed:\n");
exit(1);
}

nread=fread(&wav_header,1,sizeof(wav_header),fp);
printf("nread=%d\n",nread);

//printf("RIFF标志%s\n",wav_header.rld);
printf("文件大小rLen：%d\n",wav_header.rLen);
//printf("wld=%s\n",wav_header.wld);
//printf("fld=%s\n",wav_header.fld);

//printf("fLen=%d\n",wav_header.fLen);

//printf("wFormatTag=%d\n",wav_header.wFormatTag);
printf("声道数：%d\n",wav_header.wChannels);
printf("采样频率：%d\n",wav_header.nSamplesPersec);
//printf("nAvgBitsPerSample=%d\n",wav_header.nAvgBitsPerSample);
//printf("wBlockAlign=%d\n",wav_header.wBlockAlign);
printf("采样的位数：%d\n",wav_header.wBitsPerSample);

//printf("data=%s\n",wav_header.dld);
printf("wSampleLength=%d\n",wav_header.wSampleLength);





set_pcm_play(fp);
return 0;
}

int set_pcm_play(FILE *fp)
{
int rc;
int ret;
int size;
snd_pcm_t* handle; //PCI设备句柄
snd_pcm_hw_params_t*params;//硬件信息和PCM流配置
unsigned int val;
int dir=0;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
char *buffer;
int channels=wav_header.wChannels;
int frequency=wav_header.nSamplesPersec;
int bit=wav_header.wBitsPerSample;
int datablock=wav_header.wBlockAlign;
unsigned char ch[100]; //用来存储wav文件的头信息



rc=snd_pcm_open(&handle, "default", SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,0);
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nopen PCM device failed:");
exit(1);
}


snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(&params); //分配params结构体
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsnd_pcm_hw_params_alloca:");
exit(1);
}
rc=snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle,params);//初始化params
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsnd_pcm_hw_params_any:");
exit(1);
}
rc=snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params,SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED); //初始化访问权限
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsed_pcm_hw_set_access:");
exit(1);

}

//采样位数
switch(bit/8)
{
case 1:snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8);
break ;
case 2:snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
break ;
case 3:snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE);
break ;

}
rc=snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, channels);//设置声道,1表示单声>道，2表示立体声
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsnd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels:");
exit(1);
}
val = frequency;
rc=snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params, &val,&dir); //设置>频率
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsnd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near:");
exit(1);
}

rc = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsnd_pcm_hw_params: ");
exit(1);
}

rc=snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &frames,&dir);
if(rc<0)
{
perror("\nsnd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size:");
exit(1);
}

size = frames * datablock;

buffer =(char*)malloc(size);
fseek(fp,58,SEEK_SET); //定位歌曲到数据区

while (1)
{
memset(buffer,0,sizeof(buffer));
ret = fread(buffer, 1, size, fp);
if(ret == 0)
{
printf("歌曲写入结束\n");
break;
}
else if (ret != size)
{
}
// 写音频数据到PCM设备
while(ret = snd_pcm_writei(handle, buffer, frames)<0)
{
usleep(2000);
if (ret == -EPIPE)
{

fprintf(stderr, "underrun occurred\n");
//完成硬件参数设置，使设备准备好
snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
}
else if (ret < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"error from writei: %s\n",
snd_strerror(ret));
}
}

}

snd_pcm_drain(handle);
snd_pcm_close(handle);
free(buffer);
return 0;
}