C++写一个String类

来自< C和C++程序员面试秘笈>

//String.h

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class String
{
public:
    String();                           //默认构造函数
    String(int n, char c);              //普通构造函数
    String(const char* source);         //普通构造函数
    String(const String& s);            //复制构造函数
    String& operator=(char* s);         //重载=,实现字符串赋值
    String& operator=(const String& s); //重载=,实现对象赋值
    ~String();                         //析构函数
    char& operator[](int i);            //重载[],实现数组运算
    const char& operator[](int i) const;    // 重载[],实现数组运算，对象为常量
    String& operator+=(const String& s);    //重载+=，实现与对象相加
    String& operator+=(const char* s);      //重载+=,实现与字符串相加
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, String& s);    //重载<<
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& s);     //重载>>
    friend bool operator<(const String& left, const String& right);     //重载<
    friend bool operator>(const String& left, const String& right);     //重载>
    friend bool operator==(const String& left, const String& right);    //重载==
    friend bool operator!=(const String& left, const String& right);    //重载!=
    char* getData();
private:
    int size;       //data表示的字符串长度
    char* data;     //指向字符串数据
};

//String.cpp

#include "String.h"

String::String()
{
    data = new char[1];
    *data = '\0';
    size = 0;
}

String::String(int n, char c)
{
    size = n;
    data = new char[n + 1];
    char* temp = data;
    while (n--)
    {
        *temp++ = c;
    }
    *temp = '\0';

}

String::String(const char* source)
{
    if (source == nullptr)
    {
        data = new char[1];
        *data = '\0';
        size = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        size = strlen(source);
        data = new char[size + 1];
        strcpy_s(data, size + 1, source);
    }
}

String::String(const String& s)
{
    size = s.size;
    data = new char[s.size+ 1];
    strcpy_s(data, s.size + 1, s.data);
}


String& String::operator=(char *s)
{
    if (data != nullptr)
        delete[] data;
    size = strlen(s);
    data = new char[size + 1];
    strcpy_s(data, size + 1, s);
    return *this;
}

String& String::operator=(const String& s)
{
    if (this == &s)
        return *this;
    if (data != nullptr) //先释放内存
        delete[] data;
    size = s.size;
    data = new char[size + 1];
    strcpy_s(data, size + 1, s.data);
    return *this;
}

String::~String()
{
    if (data != nullptr)
    {
        delete[] data;
        data = nullptr;
        size = 0;
    }
}

char& String::operator[](int i)
{
    return data[i];
}

const char& String::operator[](int i) const
{
    return data[i];
}

String& String::operator+=(const String& s)
{
    int len = size + s.size + 1;
    char *temp = data;
    data = new char[len];
    strcpy_s(data, size + 1, temp);
    strcat_s(data, len,s.data);
    delete[] temp;
    size = len - 1;
    return *this;
}

String& String::operator+=(const char* s)
{
    if (s == nullptr)
    {
        return *this;
    }
    int len = size + strlen(s) + 1;
    char *temp = data;
    data = new char[len];
    strcpy_s(data, size + 1, temp);
    strcat_s(data, len, s);
    delete[] temp;
    size = len - 1;
    return *this;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, String& s)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < s.size; i++)
        out << s[i] << " ";
    return out;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& s)
{
    char p[50];
    in.getline(p, 50);      //从输入流接受最多50个字符
    s = p;                  //调用赋值函数
    return in;
}

bool operator<(const String& left, const String& right) //重载<
{
    int i = 0;
    while (left[i] == right[i] && left[i] != 0 && right[i] != 0)
        i++;
    return left[i] - right[i] < 0 ? true : false;
}

bool operator>(const String& left, const String& right) //重载<
{
    int i = 0;
    while (left[i] == right[i] && left[i] != 0 && right[i] != 0)
        i++;
    return left[i] - right[i] > 0 ? true : false;
}

bool operator==(const String& left, const String& right)
{
    if (left.size != right.size)
        return false;
    for (int i = 0; i < left.size; i++)
    {
        if (left.data[i] != right.data[i])
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool operator!=(const String& left, const String& right)
{
    if (left.size != right.size)
        return true;
    for (int i = 0; i < left.size; i++)
    {
        if (left.data[i] != right.data[i])
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

//main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "String.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    String str(3, 'a');
    String str1(str);
    String str2("asdf");
    String str3;

    cout << "str: " << str << endl;
    cout << "str1: " << str1 << endl;
    cout << "str2: " << str2 << endl;
    cout << "str3: " << str3 << endl;

    str3 = str2;
    cout << "str3: " << str3 << endl;

    str3 = "12ab";
    cout << "str3: " << str3 << endl;

    cout << "str3[2]: " << str3[2] << endl;

    str3 += "111";
    cout << "str3: " << str3 << endl;
    str3 += str1;
    cout << "str3: " << str3 << endl;

    cin >> str1;
    cout << "str1: " << str1 << endl;

    String t1 = "1234";
    String t2 = "1234";
    String t3 = "12345";
    String t4 = "12335";

    cout << "t1 == t2 ? " << (t1 == t2) << endl;
    cout << "t1 < t3 ? " << (t1 < t3) << endl;
    cout << "t1 > t4 ? " << (t1>t4) << endl;
    cout << "t1 != t4 ? " << (t1 != t4) << endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

测试：