python中[:-1]:
It slices the string to omit the last character, in this case a newline character:
>>> 'test\n'[:-1]
'test'
Since this works even on empty strings, it’s a pretty safe way of removing that last character, if present:
>>> ''[:-1]
''
This works on any sequence, not just strings.
a[-1] # last item in the array
a[-2:] # last two items in the array
a[:-2] # everything except the last two items
>>> seq[:] # [seq[0], seq[1], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[low:] # [seq[low], seq[low+1], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[:high] # [seq[0], seq[1], ..., seq[high-1]]
>>> seq[low:high] # [seq[low], seq[low+1], ..., seq[high-1]]
>>> seq[::stride] # [seq[0], seq[stride], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[low::stride] # [seq[low], seq[low+stride], ..., seq[-1] ]
>>> seq[:high:stride] # [seq[0], seq[stride], ..., seq[high-1]]
>>> seq[low:high:stride] # [seq[low], seq[low+stride], ..., seq[high-1]]