Ubuntu8.04上的Quagga初始化配置手册

公司的服务器工作量不大，故而想把服务器配成路由器用，就不用买那么昂贵的高级路由器了，于是从网上搜到了这么一篇文章。这样一台服务器就成了：OA服务器+subversion服务器+远程安装服务器+防火墙+路由器，一机多用哈。不过只是白天上班的时间开机，所以各位小黑老黑、小红老红就放我一马吧，就算是搞下来也没什么用的

Notes on Initializing Quagga for Ubuntu 8.04

<伊落丹> Illidan.modeler@gmail.com
Northern Capital, Republic of Pandaria


Quagga is a routing software package that provides TCP/IP based routing services with routing protocols support such as RIPv1, RIPv2, RIPng, OSPFv2, OSPFv3, BGP-4, and BGP-4+.

With quagga we can turn an ordinary PC into a multiple-interface router. In addition, it is easy to monitor and study routing/signaling traffic if the router software is run on a PC than on a commodity hardware router, since we're able to run protocol analyzer software such as wireshark.

This short manual will show you how to run a quagga routing software, with a very basic configuration. All the configuration work flow is against the topology given below.

Note:
In the text below, quagga commands, to be input in quagga CLIs, are highlighted by deep shadowed background color. Don't confuse them with Linux shell commands, which are highlighted by light background color.

0. Install the software
sudo apt-get install quagga

1. Prepare the configuration file
cd /etc/quagga
sudo cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospf.conf.sample ospfd.conf

2. Start Quagga
edit /etc/quagga/daemons

There's an entry for each daemon, with a default option of 'no'. Change it to 'yes' to invoke it. For this experiment, change the options for ospf and zebra to 'yes'.

Start quagga with the following command:
sudo /etc/init.d/quagga start

It invokes those daemons with 'yes' in configuration file.

3. Configure ospf paramters
telnet 127.0.0.1 2604
When it prompts for password, provide the default password ' zebra'.

The default ports for quagga daemons' vty can be found at /etc/services.

zebrasrv    2600/tcp            # zebra service
zebra        2601/tcp            # zebra vty
ripd        2602/tcp            # ripd vty (zebra)
ripngd        2603/tcp            # ripngd vty (zebra)
ospfd        2604/tcp            # ospfd vty (zebra)
bgpd        2605/tcp            # bgpd vty (zebra)
ospf6d        2606/tcp            # ospf6d vty (zebra)
ospfapi        2607/tcp            # OSPF-API
isisd        2608/tcp            # ISISd vty (zebra)

You can also view the port in the fly by issuing a command 'sudo netstat -anp -A inet' to the Linux shell.

After login, we get a quagga command line interface via the telnet session. Configuring quagga ospf routing is almost identical to configure Cisco ospf routing.

Next, in quagga CLI, issue the following commands.

enable
configure terminal

At this point, we've entered the configuration mode. Configure an ospf process to advertise network 192.168.1.0/24.

router ospf
network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0

Since quagga currently doesn't support multiple ospf processes, there's no process id at the end of line 'router ospf'. And please note that this ospf process is not a process to the operating system Linux. It's a 'logical' process within quagga's realm.

4. Configre the Cisco router
At this point, we might start our wireshark if we want to view the OSPF packets, such as Hello, LS Update, LS Ack, etc.

The cisco router is configured to advertise network 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.3.0/24 for OSPF.

!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
ip route-cache flow
half-duplex
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 192.168.3.100 255.255.255.0
ip route-cache flow
half-duplex
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!

5. Verify
zebra is an IP routing manager. It provides kernel routing table updates, interface lookups, and redistribution of routes between different routing protocols.

Log in zebra vty to view the IP forwarding table.

telnet 127.0.0.1 2601

Router> show ip route
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF,
       I - ISIS, B - BGP, > - selected route, * - FIB route
...
O>* 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.1.100, ath0, 00:01:54

We can see that quagga has learned the route of 192.168.3.0/24 via ospf.

In a common BASH, try
ping 192.168.3.100

PING 192.168.3.100 (192.168.3.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.3.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=12.2 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.23 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.30 ms