译:Apache Maven-简化java的构建过程--比apache ant更多(3) 集成单元测试

集成单元测试

你唯一要做的事情是告诉Maven在那里去找测试代码,剩下的由Maven自动为你完成:
1.在项目对象模型文件 project.xml中,紧接着sourceDirectory元素添加unitTestSourceDirectory元素.

 
            ...
            </sourceDirectory>
            <unitTestSourceDirectory>
                ${basedir}/src/test
            </unitTestSourceDirectory>
            ...
      

2.创建名为BoxTest的测试代码: 文件名:
c:/daven/src/java/smartsoft/daven/BoxTest.java
内容:

            package smartsoft.daven;
            import junit.framework.TestCase;
            
            public class BoxTest extends TestCase{
                public void test1(){
                    Box b = new Box(2,2);
                    assertEquals(4,b.getArea());
                }
            }
      

3.运行java:jar 目标,它将间接的调用java:compile,test:test两个目标
      

maven java:jar
控制台的输出如下:

                      C:/daven>maven jar
            java:prepare-filesystem:
            java:compile:
                [echo] Compiling to C:/daven/target/classes
            java:jar-resources:
            test:prepare-filesystem:
            test:test-resources:
            test:compile:
                [javac] Compiling 1 source file to C:/daven/target/test-classes
            test:test:
                [junit] dir attribute ignored if running same VM
                [junit] Running smartsoft.daven.BoxTest
                [junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0
            BUILD SUCCESSFUL
            Total time:  10 seconds
      

资源库组织jar文件

Maven's Repository Organizes Jar Files

Most projects use third-party libraries in the form of jar files. The repository is a special 
Maven mechanism for organizing the jar files and other dependencies that your builds use. 
(Maven also uses the term artifact to refer to dependencies.) The repository essentially is a
 folder with a Maven-specified structure, and it solves two problems. First, it provides a central
 location for all the jar files and other build dependencies you need to build your projects. 
Second, it helps deal with version issues by proposing a naming convention. The following is the
 structure of a Maven repository: 


 
 
  
  /repository
   jdo
      jars
        kodo-1.1.jar
        kodo-1.2.jar
        jdoInterfaces-1.0.jar
   filters
      jars
         jxFilter-1.0.jar
         jxFilter-1.1.jar

  
  

  
  
Or, more generally: 


  
  
   
   /repository/groupId/type/artifactId-version.ext
   
   

Thus, for kodo-1.1.jar, jdo is the groupId, jar is the type of dependency, kodo is the artifactId, 
   
   
and 1.1 is the version. These elements will be represented in your POM. 

   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   
Maven supports a local repository and a shared network repository. It first checks the local repository,
   
   
 and if it doesn't find the jar file, it checks the shared repository. Maven caches jar files from the 
   
   
shared directory in the local directory. 

   
   

   
   
Determining Project Dependencies
Maven's repository feature is closely related to the way Maven deals with project dependencies. 
   
   
In Ant, you have to create a classpath to indicate which jar files your project depends on, 
   
   
while Maven uses the dependencies element in project.xml for that purpose. 
Add a jar file dependency to your project to see how this works. Add the following block of 
   
   
code to project.xml, below the currentVersion element but above the build element: 

...
<CURRENTVERSION>1.0</CURRENTVERSION>
<DEPENDENCIES>
    <DEPENDENCY>
        <GROUPID>jdo</GROUPID>
        <ARTIFACTID>kodo</ARTIFACTID>
        <VERSION>2.5.2</VERSION>
    </DEPENDENCY>
</DEPENDENCIES>
<BUILD>
...
In order for this tag to work, the following jar file must exist: 

   
   
    
    /repository/jdo/jars/kodo-2.5.2.jar
Multiple goals use the dependency tag. For example, the compile goal uses it to generate
    
    
 the classpath, and the deploy goal uses it to determine which jar files to copy.