Jackson常用方法以及jacksonUtil工具类

前言：项目中我们通常使用ajax返回json数据格式的形式进行前后端数据交互，所以会用到java数据json数据互相转化，通常我们的做法是在项目中创建一个工具类进行转化处理。如下：我的demo包含了项目中常用的jacksonUtil类，以及常用的JSON JAVA处理数据转化处理方法。项目结构以及引用jar包如下，jar包中的junit是用于单元测试，与jackson及其相关的包无关。每个部分我都加了注释，直接copy下来运行就可以查看具体效果，下面直接上代码：

实体类book:

package test.entity;

public class Book {
	private int bookId;//书的ID
	private String author;//作者
	private String name;//书名
	private int price;//书价

	public int getBookId() {
		return bookId;
	}

	public void setBookId(int bookId) {
		this.bookId = bookId;
	}

	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}

	public void setAuthor(String author) {
		this.author = author;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(int price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Book [bookId=" + bookId + ", author=" + author + ", name="
				+ name + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}

}

jackson以及相关jar包对java以及json数据的具体处理方法，JackSonDemo类。

package test.jackson;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import test.entity.Book;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonEncoding;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class JackSonDemo {
	private JsonGenerator jsonGenerator = null;
	private ObjectMapper objectMapper = null;
	private Book book = null;

	/**
	 * Junit的方法，用于给每个单元测试添加前置条件和结束条件
	 */
	@Before
	public void init() {
		// 构建一个Book实例对象并赋值
		book = new Book();
		book.setAuthor("海明威");
		book.setBookId(123);
		book.setName("老人与海");
		book.setPrice(30);
		objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
		try {
			jsonGenerator = objectMapper.getJsonFactory().createJsonGenerator(
					System.out, JsonEncoding.UTF8);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@After
	public void destory() {
		try {
			if (jsonGenerator != null) {
				jsonGenerator.flush();
			}
			if (!jsonGenerator.isClosed()) {
				jsonGenerator.close();
			}
			jsonGenerator = null;
			objectMapper = null;
			book = null;
			System.gc();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/********************** java常见数据类型转JSON ****************************/
	/**
	 * 1.javaBean转化成json---两种方法writeObject/writeValue均可
	 * jsonGenerator依赖于ObjectMapper创建
	 */
	@Test
	public void javaBeanToJson() {

		try {
			System.out.println("jsonGenerator");
			// 方法一
			jsonGenerator.writeObject(book);
			System.out.println();

			System.out.println("ObjectMapper");
			// 方法二
			objectMapper.writeValue(System.out, book);

		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * List转化成JSON，三种方式
	 */
	@Test
	public void listToJson() {
		try {
			List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
			Book bookOne = new Book();
			bookOne.setAuthor("安徒生");
			bookOne.setBookId(456);
			bookOne.setName("安徒生童话");
			bookOne.setPrice(55);
			Book bookTwo = new Book();
			bookTwo.setAuthor("安徒生");
			bookTwo.setBookId(456);
			bookTwo.setName("安徒生童话");
			bookTwo.setPrice(55);
			list.add(bookOne);
			list.add(bookTwo);
			// 方式一
			System.out.println("方式一jsonGenerator");
			jsonGenerator.writeObject(list);
			System.out.println();
			System.out.println("方式二ObjectMapper");
			// 方式二
			System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(list));
			// 方式三
			System.out.println("方式三直接通过objectMapper的writeValue方法:");
			objectMapper.writeValue(System.out, list);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * map转化成JSON,两种方式
	 */
	@Test
	public void mapToJSON() {
		try {
			Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
			map.put("name", book.getName());
			map.put("book", book);
			Book newBook = new Book();
			newBook.setAuthor("安徒生");
			newBook.setBookId(456);
			newBook.setName("安徒生童话");
			newBook.setPrice(55);
			map.put("newBook", newBook);

			System.out.println("第一种方式jsonGenerator");
			jsonGenerator.writeObject(map);
			System.out.println("");

			System.out.println("第二种方式objectMapper");
			objectMapper.writeValue(System.out, map);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/*********************** JSON数据类型转java数据 ********************************/
	/**
	 * json'对象'数据转化成javaBean
	 */
	@Test
	public void jsonToJavaBean() {
		String json = "{\"bookId\":\"11111\",\"author\":\"鲁迅\",\"name\":\"朝花夕拾\",\"price\":\"45\"}";
		try {
			Book book = objectMapper.readValue(json, Book.class);
			System.out.println(book);
		} catch (JsonParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * json'数组'数据转化为ArrayList
	 */
	@Test
	public void jsonToArrayList() {
		String json = "[{\"bookId\":\"11111\",\"author\":\"鲁迅\",\"name\":\"朝花夕拾\",\"price\":\"45\"},"
				+ "{\"bookId\":\"11111\",\"author\":\"鲁迅\",\"name\":\"朝花夕拾\",\"price\":\"45\"}]";
		try {
			Book[] book = objectMapper.readValue(json, Book[].class);
			for (int i = 0; i < book.length; i++) {
				// 注意book[i]仅仅是数组，需要通过Arrays.asList()方法转为ArrayList
				List<Book> list = Arrays.asList(book[i]);
				System.out.println(list);

			}

		} catch (JsonParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * json转换成map
	 */
	@Test
	public void JsonToMap() {
		String json = "{\"name\":\"book\",\"number\":\"12138\",\"book1\":{\"bookId\":\"11111\",\"author\":\"鲁迅\",\"name\":\"朝花夕拾\",\"price\":\"45\"},"
				+ "\"book2\":{\"bookId\":\"22222\",\"author\":\"易中天\",\"name\":\"祖先\",\"price\":\"25\"}}";
		try {
			Map<String, Map<String, Object>> maps = objectMapper.readValue(
					json, Map.class);
			Set<String> key = maps.keySet();
			Iterator<String> iter = key.iterator();
			while (iter.hasNext()) {
				String field = iter.next();
				System.out.println(field + ":" + maps.get(field));
			}
		} catch (JsonParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

最后，是我们在实际开发项目中使用的jacksonUtil类，应用起来很简单，直接jacksonUtil.bean2Json(Object object)(bean转JSON)或者jacksonUtil.json2Bean(Object object)(JSON转bean)

package test.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonFactory;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

/**
 * bean转json格式或者json转bean格式, 项目中我们通常使用这个工具类进行json---java互相转化
 */
public class JacksonUtil {
	private static ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

	public static String bean2Json(Object obj) throws IOException {
		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
		JsonGenerator gen = new JsonFactory().createJsonGenerator(sw);
		mapper.writeValue(gen, obj);
		gen.close();
		return sw.toString();
	}

	public static <T> T json2Bean(String jsonStr, Class<T> objClass)
			throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {
		return mapper.readValue(jsonStr, objClass);
	}
}